994 CHARLES PauLt ALEXANDER 
Holorusia is a small genus (about ten species) of New World crane- 
flies, only one of which—the genotype, Holorusia rubiginosa — is Nearctic. 
This species and Longurio are the largest Nearctic crane-flies.. The 
anatomy of the “giant crane-fly’”’ has been described in some detail 
by Kellogg (1901, a and b) and by Comstock and Kellogg (1904). The 
immature stages are spent in moist earth. The genus is undoubtedly 
closely related to Prionocera, and, presumably, to the Old World genus 
Ctenacroscelis Enderlein. 
Holorusia rubiginosa Loew 
1863 Holorusia rubiginosa Loew. Berl. Ent. Ztschr., vol. 7, p. 1. 
1888 Tipula (Holorusia) grandis Bergr. Ent. Tidskr., vol. 9, p. 140. 
Holorusia rubiginosa is widely distributed thruout the western United 
States and Canada. A number of larvae were taken by H. Morrison 
near Stanford University, California, on February 22, 1915. They were 
shipped to the writer at Ithaca, New York, where the species was reared. 
The massive larva is used for purposes of dissection in the entomological 
courses at some of the western universities. 
Larva.— Length, 50-60 mm. 
Diameter, 6.2-6.4 mm. 
Coloration, dark greenish brown. 
Form stout, subterete. Integument covered with dense, short, erect, black hairs. A 
few weak and delicate setae, two on dorsum and on venter of each abdominal segment; two 
long setae on lateral margins of posterior rings. Spiracular disk (Plate XC, 496) moderately 
large, surrounded by six stout, elongate lobes which are similar to those of Prionocera but 
are stouter and less digitiform; ventral lobes a little the longest, dorsal lobes a little the short- 
est; all the lobes capable of close approximation, completely protecting spiracles; lobes 
fringed with long black hairs which are longest near apices, shorter between lobes; ventral 
and lateral lobes with a delicate black line down inner face, these lines barely indicated 
on dorsal lobes; remainder of disk and lobes dusky. Spiracles very large, circular, separated 
by a distance a ‘little less than diameter of one. Anal gills six, short, slender, the two 
anterior gills of either side united basally, posterior pair simple. 
Head capsule of the usual massive tipuline type, prefrons running caudad as a narrow 
point, lateral plates broad. Labrum broad, with a densely hairy lobe on either side. Men- 
tum (Plate XC, 493) with a prominent median point; behind it on either side three flattened 
teeth, the innermost the broadest, the middle tooth more acute, the outermost formed by 
fusion of two small teeth. Hypopharynx (Plate XC, 494) about six-toothed, the intermediate 
teeth with a large notch between. Antenna (Plate XC, 495) with basal segment very long 
and slender; principal apical papilla conical; a number of small hyaline sense pegs. Mandi- 
