THe CRANE-FiLIES OF NEw York — Part II 1005 
Tipula bella is a common species, flying thruout the summer. Larvae 
nd pupae are not rare in sandy or loamy soil along streams. A larva 
aken on April 28, 1917, in gravel at Ithaca, New York, where it was 
ssociated with larvae of Hexatoma, was placed in rearing. It emerged 
s an adult male on May 15. On May 27, 1913, three fully colored pupae 
ere found along the sandy banks of Fall Creek, Ithaca, in association 
ith Hriocera spinosa. ‘They emerged as females on May 29 and 30. 
Larva.— (The description is from field notes on the larva mentioned above.) 
Length, 20-25 mm. 
Coloration light grayish brown, with a slight reddish cast most noticeable on venter; 
orsum. with two narrow, almost continuous, dark brown lines, these lines subparallel at 
terior part of each segment, then strongly bellied out, and then parallel but finally 
ivergent. 
Spiracular disk surrounded by six rather short lobes; ventral lobes with a linear, rather - 
le, brown mark, and a few sensory bristles at tips; lateral lobes with ventral margin lined 
ith brown; dorsal lobes with both margins feebly bordered with brown; two small brown 
ts below each spiracle. Anal gills six, very long and slender. 
Pupa.— Length of cast pupal skin, about 24 mm. 
Pupa similar to pupae of other species of genus. Prcnotal breathing horns short, 
lindrical, narrowed to tips. Spines on abdominal segments rather large, especially on 
ernites; spines on base of posterior ring of sternites small but evident. Female cauda 
ith dorsal valves Jong, pointed; sternal valves shorter. Cauda with the usual six lobes 
dorsum, the four posterior stout, divergent, spinous-tipped, the anterior median pair 
uch smaller; venter of segment 8 with three strong spines on either side, gradually smaller 
om lateral spine toward innermost spine. 
Neanotype.— Ithaca, New York, reared May 25, 1917. 
Paratypes.— Pupal skins, type locality, May 5, 1914 (No. 42-1914); August, 1911; May 
, 1917; ete. 
ipula caloptera Loew 
1863 Tipula caloptera Loew. Berl. Ent. Ztschr., vol. 7, p. 292. 
The vigorous larva of Tipula caloptera is one of the largest and most 
riking in the family. The larvae live in rapid- or slow-flowing streams 
ther in the water among débris and under stones, or in the sand, gravel, 
r mud in very close proximity to the water. Here they are associated 
ith the larvae of various species of Eriocera, Erioptera armata, Tabanus, 
therix, and other forms. Oftentimes they are found in deep water in 
ceedingly lotic situations. A larva placed in rearing on April 19, 1917, 
erged as an adult female on May 13.4 
