THe CRANE-FLIES oF New York — Part II 1013 
‘hree smaller spines; close to ends of row a bifid setiferous spine; pleurites with spines long, 
lender, directed strongly caudad, tips narrowly bifid, bearing a seta in notch; basal spine 
the largest; posterior spines two in number, anterior dorsal one the smaller; sternites (Plate 
XCVII, 539) with posterior row unbroken, of comparatively few spines, there being about 
leven excluding the two larger spines at ends of row; the innermost of the large lateral spines 
-onspicuously bifid, bearing a stout seta in its notch; base of posterior ring on either side of 
nedian line with a powerful conical spine which is acutely tipped. Female cauda as in genus, 
ternal valves conspicuously shorter than the long tergal valves; the six dorsal lobes power- 
1, chitinized, more or less bifid at tips; dorsal lateral lobes at end of eighth segment 
plit before tips. 
Nepionotype.— Cascadilla Creek, Ithaca, New York, May 31, 1913. 
Neanotype.— Cast pupal skin, reared at Ithaca, September, 1911. 
Paratypes.— Abundant larvae from type locality. 
tpula taughannock Alex. 
1915 Tipula taughannock Alex. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 476-479. 
Tipula taughannock is of exceptional interest in the striking color 
imorphism that it shows, the females being black and yel'ow, the males 
ght yellowish. The following account of the habits of the adult flies 
taken from the writer’s field notes: 
June 12, 1915. Deciduous forest association of the southern Helderberg Mountains, near 
e village of New Salem, Albany County, New York. This association is an open deciduous 
rest, with an undergrowth of Cystopteris, Geranium, Caulophyllum, and Impatiens. It isa 
ry open woods, having an eastern exposure and with the talus slopes so old that an extensive 
getation has sprung up. The great boulders scattered about thru the woods have come 
liom the high Silurian and Devonian cliffs above. The woods are of such a nature that much 
nlight penetrates to the ground beneath. The forest cover shows a striking lack of conif- 
ous species, but the following deciduous species are common: butternut, hop hornbeam, 
rd maple, basswood, white ash. The shrubbery ccnsists of mountain maple, bladdernut, 
d a few dogwoods. The dominant herbage consists of jack-in-the-pulpit, wild ginger, 
loodroot, bishop’s-cap, false bishop’s-cap, blue cohosh, white baneberry, herb robert, touch- 
e-not, waterleaf, bedstraw, and other characteristic flowering plants in fewer numbers, 
well as several ferns, such as the bulbous bladder fern, maidenhair, and, on the rocks, 
e walking fern. The crane-fly under consideration is very common in these woods. The 
oportion of males to females is about one hundred to one, but this is due, in large part 
least, to the very secretive habits of the latter. The males are untiring, almost always 
ving along, silently and relentlessly, in quest of their mates. They pass in and out among 
e dense herbage, usually close to the ground, occasionally: fluttering up a tree trunk or over 
mossy boulder which is covered with various bryophytes and walking ferns. They are 
intent upon their quest that they are readily scooped up by hand. If this is attempted 
d fails, however, they become instantly alarmed and fly away with great speed, their flight 
this time haying a strong undulating motion. In a position of rest, the male almost 
ays hangs on the under surface of a leaf, with the body directed straight toward the 
und. Several specimens of this species, as well as of Tipula trivittata Say and T. senega 
ex., were found dead in spider’s webs. These small webs, made by species of 
eiridae and Linyphiidae, are very common on and between the leaves of herbaceous plants 
d are presumably intended for smaller game. The large Tipulas are probably taken in 
accident. 
