﻿Thomson. 
  — 
  On 
  the 
  Cleansing 
  of 
  Towns. 
  4S 
  

  

  that 
  it 
  can 
  discharge 
  its 
  full 
  volume 
  by 
  gravitation 
  about 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  low 
  

   water." 
  

  

  Again 
  : 
  " 
  The 
  maximum 
  quantity 
  of 
  sewage 
  to 
  be 
  lifted 
  by 
  the 
  engines 
  

   (at 
  Crossness), 
  will 
  ordinarily 
  be 
  10,000 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  minute, 
  but 
  during 
  

   the 
  night 
  that 
  quantity 
  will 
  be 
  considerably 
  reduced 
  — 
  while, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  

   hand, 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  nearly 
  doubled 
  on 
  occasions 
  of 
  heavy 
  rainfall. 
  The 
  lift 
  will 
  

   also 
  vary 
  from 
  10 
  to 
  30 
  feet, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  in 
  the 
  

   sewer 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  reservoir 
  into 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  lifted." 
  " 
  The 
  reservoir, 
  which 
  

   is 
  6^ 
  acres 
  in 
  extent, 
  is 
  covered 
  by 
  brick 
  arches, 
  supi^orted 
  on 
  brick 
  piers, 
  

   and 
  is 
  furnished 
  with 
  weirs 
  for 
  overflows 
  with 
  a 
  flushing 
  culvert." 
  

  

  Again: 
  "The 
  specifications 
  provide 
  that 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  cement 
  shall 
  

   be 
  Portland 
  cement 
  of 
  the 
  very 
  best 
  quality, 
  ground 
  extremely 
  fine, 
  weigh- 
  

   ing 
  not 
  less 
  than 
  lOOlbs. 
  to 
  the 
  bushel, 
  capable 
  of 
  maintaining 
  a 
  breaking 
  

   weight 
  of 
  SOOlbs. 
  to 
  the 
  bushel 
  on 
  1| 
  square 
  inch, 
  seven 
  days 
  after 
  being 
  

   made 
  in 
  an 
  iron 
  mould, 
  and 
  immersed 
  in 
  water 
  during 
  the 
  intervening 
  

   seven 
  days." 
  

  

  Again 
  : 
  " 
  The 
  total 
  cost 
  of 
  the 
  main 
  drainage 
  works 
  when 
  completed 
  

   will 
  have 
  been 
  about 
  £4,100,000." 
  " 
  The 
  sum 
  for 
  defraying 
  the 
  cost 
  of 
  

   these 
  works 
  is 
  raised 
  by 
  loan, 
  and 
  paid 
  off 
  by 
  a 
  3d. 
  rate 
  levied 
  in 
  the 
  

   metropolis, 
  which 
  produces 
  £180,262 
  per 
  annum, 
  the 
  rateable 
  value 
  being 
  

   £14,421,011, 
  and 
  the 
  principa^l 
  and 
  interest 
  of 
  the 
  loan 
  will 
  be 
  paid 
  off 
  in 
  

   forty 
  years." 
  

  

  '• 
  There 
  are 
  about 
  1,300 
  miles 
  of 
  sewers 
  in 
  London, 
  and 
  82 
  miles 
  of 
  

   main 
  intercepting 
  sewers. 
  380,000,000 
  of 
  bricks 
  and 
  880,000 
  cubic 
  yards 
  

   of 
  concrete 
  have 
  been 
  consumed, 
  and 
  3 
  J 
  million 
  cubic 
  yards 
  of 
  earth 
  have 
  

   been 
  excavated 
  in 
  the 
  execution 
  of 
  the 
  main 
  drainage 
  works. 
  The 
  total 
  

   pumping 
  power 
  employed 
  is 
  2,880 
  nominal 
  h.p. 
  ; 
  and 
  if 
  at 
  full 
  work 
  night 
  

   and 
  day 
  44,000 
  tons 
  of 
  coals 
  per 
  annum 
  would 
  be 
  consumed, 
  but 
  the 
  

   average 
  consumption 
  is 
  estimated 
  at 
  20,000 
  tons." 
  

  

  " 
  The 
  sewage 
  of 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Thames 
  at 
  present 
  amounts 
  to 
  

   10 
  million 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  day, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  to 
  4 
  million 
  cubic 
  feet 
  

   per 
  day 
  ; 
  but 
  provision 
  is 
  made 
  for 
  an 
  anticipated 
  increase 
  up 
  to 
  11^ 
  

   millions 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  side, 
  and 
  5f 
  millions 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side, 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  

   28 
  J 
  million 
  cubic 
  feet 
  of 
  rainfall 
  per 
  diem 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  side, 
  and 
  17^ 
  mil- 
  

   hon 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  diem 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  ; 
  or 
  a 
  total 
  of 
  63 
  million 
  cubic 
  

   feet 
  per 
  diem, 
  which 
  is 
  equal 
  to 
  a 
  lake 
  of 
  482 
  acres 
  3 
  feet 
  deep, 
  or 
  fifteen 
  

   times 
  as 
  large 
  as 
  the 
  Serpentine 
  in 
  Hyde 
  Park." 
  

  

  Turning 
  now 
  to 
  the 
  labours 
  of 
  a 
  deputation 
  appointed 
  by 
  the 
  Town 
  

   Council 
  and 
  Board 
  of 
  Police 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  of 
  Glasgow, 
  to 
  enquire 
  into 
  

   the 
  methods 
  of 
  disposing 
  of 
  sewage 
  adopted 
  in 
  various 
  towns 
  in 
  England*, 
  

  

  * 
  Eeport 
  dated 
  October, 
  1877. 
  

  

  