﻿Cakettthees. 
  — 
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  some 
  of 
  the 
  Terms 
  used 
  in 
  Political 
  Economy. 
  11 
  

  

  aud 
  thus 
  made 
  articles 
  of 
  trade, 
  he 
  will 
  become 
  a 
  productive 
  labourer. 
  

   Such 
  an 
  improvement 
  in 
  the 
  phonograph 
  would 
  be, 
  of 
  course, 
  a 
  great 
  

   addition 
  to 
  the 
  wealth 
  of 
  the 
  world. 
  The 
  labour 
  of 
  the 
  singer, 
  instead 
  of 
  

   adding 
  to 
  the 
  pleasure 
  of 
  hundreds 
  as 
  at 
  present, 
  would 
  give 
  pleasure 
  of 
  a 
  

   very 
  high 
  order 
  to 
  tens 
  of 
  thousands. 
  The 
  average 
  happiness 
  of 
  man 
  would 
  

   be 
  increased, 
  but 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  see 
  how 
  the 
  improvement 
  would 
  so 
  change 
  the 
  

   character 
  of 
  the 
  singer's 
  labour 
  as 
  to 
  convert 
  it 
  from 
  unproductive 
  to 
  

   productive. 
  

  

  Throughout 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  his 
  chapter 
  on 
  " 
  Unproductive 
  Labour," 
  Mill 
  

   appears 
  to 
  have 
  in 
  mind, 
  production 
  of 
  profits 
  rather 
  than 
  production 
  of 
  

   wealth. 
  The 
  so-called 
  unproductive 
  labourers 
  — 
  authors, 
  actors, 
  public 
  

   singers, 
  lawyers, 
  physicians, 
  soldiers, 
  sailors 
  in 
  the 
  navy, 
  civil 
  servants, 
  

   etc. 
  — 
  are 
  men 
  whose 
  labour 
  is 
  as 
  necessary 
  to 
  the 
  well-being 
  of 
  society 
  as 
  

   that 
  of 
  any 
  other 
  class, 
  but 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  they 
  work 
  on 
  their 
  own 
  

   account 
  and 
  are 
  not 
  dependent 
  on 
  capitalists. 
  The 
  product 
  of 
  their 
  labour 
  

   cannot 
  be 
  passed 
  from 
  hand 
  to 
  hand, 
  and 
  cannot, 
  therefore, 
  be 
  made 
  the 
  

   instrument 
  for 
  acquiring 
  a 
  right 
  to 
  a 
  share 
  of 
  the 
  wealth 
  of 
  the 
  community 
  ; 
  

   it 
  is, 
  in 
  short, 
  not 
  productive 
  of 
  profits 
  or 
  of 
  capital. 
  

  

  Of 
  all 
  the 
  products 
  of 
  labour, 
  food 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  necessary, 
  and 
  may, 
  

   therefore, 
  most 
  justly 
  be 
  called 
  wealth. 
  The 
  community 
  at 
  large 
  is 
  not, 
  

   however, 
  enriched 
  by 
  the 
  labour 
  of 
  the 
  farmer 
  more 
  than 
  by 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  

   actor 
  or 
  public 
  singer. 
  Without 
  the 
  farmer's 
  labour 
  the 
  community 
  could 
  

   not 
  exist 
  at 
  all, 
  but 
  without 
  the 
  actor's 
  labour 
  it 
  could 
  not 
  maintain 
  that 
  

   average 
  state 
  of 
  enjoyment 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  lives 
  and 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  labour 
  of 
  

   both 
  is 
  equally 
  necessary. 
  The 
  product 
  of 
  the 
  labour 
  of 
  both 
  can 
  only 
  be 
  

   enjoyed 
  once, 
  and 
  when 
  once 
  used 
  is 
  gone 
  for 
  ever. 
  

  

  Far 
  too 
  much 
  stress 
  is 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  accumulation 
  of 
  wealth 
  in 
  most 
  works 
  

   on 
  political 
  economy, 
  especially 
  when 
  discussmg 
  productive 
  labour, 
  and 
  too 
  

   little 
  on 
  the 
  kind 
  of 
  wealth 
  which 
  can 
  be, 
  or 
  at 
  least 
  should 
  be, 
  accumulated. 
  

   We 
  are 
  unfortunately 
  obliged 
  to 
  store 
  sufficient 
  grain 
  for 
  one 
  year's 
  con- 
  

   sumption, 
  but 
  there 
  would 
  be 
  no 
  use 
  in 
  accumulating 
  a 
  stock 
  sufficient 
  for 
  

   several 
  years, 
  unless, 
  like 
  Pharaoh, 
  we 
  anticipated 
  a 
  drought. 
  So 
  with 
  

   clothing 
  and 
  all 
  other 
  forms 
  of 
  du'ect 
  wealth 
  ; 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  advantage 
  in 
  

   having 
  a 
  large 
  stock 
  of 
  them 
  on 
  hand. 
  The 
  makers 
  and 
  sellers 
  of 
  all 
  kinds 
  

   of 
  direct 
  wealth 
  always 
  strive 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  stock 
  in 
  existence, 
  and 
  not 
  in 
  

   actual 
  use, 
  as 
  small 
  as 
  ]oossible, 
  while 
  the 
  consumers 
  take 
  care 
  that 
  the 
  

   stock 
  in 
  use 
  shall 
  not 
  be 
  needlessly 
  large. 
  No 
  one 
  has 
  any 
  interest 
  or 
  wish 
  

   to 
  acquke 
  or 
  keep 
  a 
  stock 
  of 
  commodities 
  which 
  will 
  not 
  be 
  shortly 
  

   consumed, 
  or 
  put 
  into 
  the 
  consumers' 
  hands 
  for 
  use. 
  

  

  Under 
  the 
  social 
  system 
  prevailing 
  in 
  all 
  civiHzed 
  countries, 
  everyone 
  

  

  