﻿o 
  Transactions. 
  — 
  Miscellaneous. 
  

  

  wages 
  and 
  profits 
  had 
  time 
  to 
  bring 
  them 
  back 
  to 
  what 
  they 
  were 
  before 
  the 
  

   disturbance. 
  

  

  New 
  and 
  improved 
  implements 
  always 
  increase 
  the 
  quantity 
  of 
  wealth 
  

   which 
  can 
  be 
  produced 
  by 
  the 
  labour 
  of 
  the 
  community, 
  and 
  the 
  labourers 
  

   share 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  in 
  this 
  advantage. 
  Their 
  interest 
  is 
  thus 
  seldom 
  opposed 
  

   to 
  the 
  construction 
  of 
  new 
  implements, 
  although 
  they 
  bear 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  

   necessary 
  preliminary 
  sacrifice, 
  and 
  even 
  in 
  most 
  cases 
  a 
  great 
  deal 
  more. 
  

   In 
  new 
  countries, 
  however, 
  like 
  New 
  Zealand, 
  the 
  interests 
  of 
  the 
  labourers 
  

   and 
  employers 
  of 
  labour 
  are 
  more 
  often 
  in 
  conflict. 
  If, 
  for 
  instance, 
  a 
  man 
  can 
  

   manufacture 
  cloth 
  for 
  a 
  little 
  less 
  than 
  he 
  can 
  import 
  it 
  from 
  England, 
  it 
  is 
  

   his 
  interest 
  to 
  employ 
  his 
  wealth 
  in 
  erecting 
  buildings 
  and 
  machinery 
  for 
  

   the 
  purpose. 
  He 
  gets 
  thereby 
  a 
  small 
  increase 
  of 
  his 
  income. 
  The 
  labour- 
  

   ing 
  classes 
  suffer 
  for 
  several 
  years 
  an 
  annual 
  loss 
  equal 
  to 
  the 
  entire 
  cost 
  

   of 
  these 
  implements, 
  and 
  derive 
  only 
  a 
  small 
  final 
  benefit, 
  as, 
  by 
  the 
  

   hypothesis, 
  the 
  cost 
  of 
  manufacturing 
  the 
  cloth 
  is 
  only 
  slightly 
  less 
  than 
  

   that 
  of 
  importing 
  it. 
  

  

  The 
  cry 
  for 
  " 
  protection 
  to 
  native 
  industry," 
  and 
  consequently 
  for 
  

   increased 
  expenditure 
  on 
  machinery 
  and 
  buildings, 
  is 
  perfectly 
  rational 
  

   on 
  the 
  part 
  of 
  colonial 
  employers 
  of 
  labour. 
  They 
  gain, 
  dnectly, 
  the 
  higher 
  

   profits, 
  for 
  the 
  sake 
  of 
  which 
  they 
  agitate 
  for 
  protection 
  ; 
  and 
  for 
  every 
  

   pound 
  that 
  is 
  spent 
  on 
  implements, 
  which 
  would 
  otherwise 
  have 
  been 
  spent 
  

   in 
  producing 
  du'ect 
  wealth, 
  they, 
  as 
  a 
  body, 
  get 
  a 
  pound 
  a 
  year 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  

   labourers, 
  unless 
  indeed 
  they 
  curtail 
  their 
  own 
  expenditure, 
  and 
  thus 
  pay 
  

   for 
  their 
  machinery 
  out 
  of 
  savings 
  from 
  their 
  mcomes. 
  This 
  they 
  seldom 
  

   do 
  ; 
  machinery 
  and 
  buildings 
  are 
  generally 
  made 
  with 
  money 
  borrowed 
  or 
  

   taken 
  out 
  of 
  some 
  other 
  business 
  for 
  the 
  pm-pose. 
  

  

  Unfortunately, 
  the 
  labourers 
  are 
  generaUy 
  so 
  unskilled 
  in 
  political 
  

   economy 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  as 
  eager 
  for 
  protection 
  as 
  the 
  employers. 
  They 
  

   see 
  the 
  employment 
  that 
  is 
  given 
  by 
  a 
  manufacturer, 
  and 
  do 
  not 
  see 
  the 
  

   much 
  greater 
  employment 
  which 
  would 
  have 
  been 
  given 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  wealth 
  

   had 
  it 
  been 
  turned 
  to 
  other 
  uses. 
  

  

  If 
  they 
  knew 
  their 
  own 
  interests, 
  instead 
  of 
  wishing 
  to 
  have 
  nothing 
  

   imported 
  which 
  can 
  be 
  manufactured 
  in 
  the 
  colony, 
  they 
  would 
  be 
  loath 
  to 
  

   see 
  any 
  manufactory 
  started 
  which 
  requu-ed 
  expensive 
  implements, 
  if 
  the 
  

   article 
  to 
  be 
  made 
  could 
  be 
  imported 
  at 
  a 
  cost 
  not 
  much 
  exceeding 
  that 
  of 
  

   manufacturing 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  colony. 
  We, 
  in 
  New 
  Zealand, 
  are 
  in 
  so 
  happy 
  a 
  

   position 
  that 
  we 
  need 
  not 
  undergo 
  the 
  privation 
  necessary 
  to 
  jDrocure 
  

   expensive 
  machinery. 
  The 
  Enghsh 
  are 
  ready 
  to 
  do 
  that 
  for 
  us, 
  and 
  are 
  

   content 
  with 
  a 
  recompense 
  which 
  we, 
  in 
  our 
  more 
  favoured 
  cncumstances, 
  

   would 
  consider 
  inadequate. 
  

  

  