﻿48 
  Transactions, 
  — 
  Miscellaneous, 
  

  

  separates 
  it 
  from 
  Salford, 
  which 
  has 
  a 
  population 
  of 
  136,000, 
  and 
  whose 
  

   death-rate 
  is 
  29-3 
  per 
  1,000, 
  and 
  density 
  per 
  acre, 
  26*3. 
  There 
  are 
  compara- 
  

   tively 
  few 
  water-closets 
  in 
  Manchester, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  discouraged 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  

   possible, 
  and 
  practically 
  forbidden 
  in 
  houses 
  of 
  a 
  smaller 
  kind. 
  There 
  are 
  

   42,000 
  privies, 
  and 
  these 
  are 
  gradually 
  being 
  altered 
  into 
  pan-closets. 
  

   Already 
  24,000 
  have 
  been 
  thus 
  converted; 
  and 
  Dr. 
  Leigh, 
  the 
  medical 
  

   officer 
  of 
  health, 
  expects 
  that 
  in 
  three 
  years 
  the 
  whole 
  will 
  have 
  been 
  

   altered. 
  Dr. 
  Leigh 
  calculates 
  that, 
  when 
  all 
  the 
  privies 
  are 
  converted, 
  

   6 
  million 
  gallons 
  of 
  urine 
  a^nnually 
  will 
  be 
  kept 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  sewers, 
  and 
  

   consequently 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  Irwell, 
  that 
  were 
  formerly 
  allowed 
  to 
  flow 
  into 
  it. 
  

   Next, 
  the 
  system 
  of 
  removing 
  is 
  entered 
  into, 
  but 
  we 
  pass 
  over 
  this, 
  and 
  

   only 
  note 
  that 
  about 
  3,000 
  tons 
  of 
  material 
  are 
  dealt 
  with 
  weekly, 
  and 
  

   these 
  consist 
  of 
  — 
  paper, 
  1 
  ton 
  ; 
  rags, 
  3 
  tons 
  ; 
  dead 
  animals, 
  2 
  tons 
  ; 
  stable 
  

   manure, 
  2 
  tons 
  ; 
  old 
  iron 
  and 
  tin 
  plate, 
  33 
  tons 
  ; 
  refuse 
  from 
  slaughter- 
  

   houses 
  and 
  fish 
  shops, 
  60 
  tons; 
  broken 
  pottery, 
  earthenware 
  and 
  glass, 
  80 
  

   tons; 
  vegetable 
  refuse, 
  door-mats, 
  table-covers, 
  floor-cloths, 
  old 
  straw 
  mat- 
  

   trasses 
  and 
  100 
  tons 
  fine 
  ashes, 
  1,280 
  tons; 
  cinders, 
  1,400 
  tons. 
  These 
  

   are 
  sepa.rated, 
  and 
  specially 
  dealt 
  with 
  ; 
  and, 
  I 
  may 
  note 
  here 
  that, 
  

   amongst 
  thes'e, 
  400 
  tons 
  of 
  manure 
  is 
  made 
  weekly, 
  and 
  sold 
  at 
  12s. 
  6d. 
  

   per 
  ton. 
  

  

  Oldham 
  was 
  the 
  last 
  place 
  visited 
  by 
  the 
  Deputation. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  purely 
  

   manufacturing 
  town, 
  having 
  a 
  population 
  of 
  88,000, 
  and 
  an 
  annual 
  mor- 
  

   tality 
  of 
  28-2 
  -per 
  1,000; 
  the 
  density, 
  per 
  acre, 
  being 
  18-7. 
  The 
  pail 
  

   system 
  is 
  in 
  general 
  use, 
  and 
  the 
  contents 
  are 
  taken 
  by 
  the 
  Carbon 
  Fertili- 
  

   zing 
  Company, 
  who 
  have 
  purchased 
  the 
  patent 
  for 
  absorbing 
  excrementi- 
  

   tious 
  matter 
  by 
  charcoal. 
  The 
  Deputation 
  add 
  that, 
  unfortunately, 
  this 
  

   patent 
  does 
  not 
  appear 
  to 
  have 
  had 
  a 
  fair 
  trial, 
  the 
  works 
  being 
  in 
  

   inextricable 
  confusion. 
  

  

  Glasgow. 
  — 
  A 
  few 
  statistics 
  of 
  their 
  own 
  city 
  is 
  added, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  

   following, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  preceding, 
  are 
  extracts. 
  The 
  estimated 
  population 
  

   in 
  1875 
  was 
  534,564, 
  and 
  the 
  average 
  mortality 
  29-9. 
  The 
  area 
  of 
  ground 
  

   occupied 
  is 
  6,034 
  acres; 
  giving 
  an 
  average 
  density 
  of 
  88'6 
  persons 
  per 
  acre. 
  

   The 
  number 
  of 
  dwelling-houses 
  in 
  1874 
  was 
  101,368 
  ; 
  and 
  of 
  shops, 
  ware- 
  

   houses, 
  and 
  factories, 
  16,218. 
  The 
  water-closets 
  numbered 
  31,927 
  ; 
  sinks, 
  

   71,291; 
  fixed 
  basins, 
  3,865; 
  and 
  urinals, 
  211. 
  There 
  are, 
  also, 
  at 
  the 
  pre- 
  

   sent 
  date 
  (1878), 
  6,751 
  dry 
  ashpits; 
  1,395 
  middins 
  or 
  wet 
  ashpits; 
  3,816 
  

   pan-closets; 
  94 
  trough-closets 
  (chiefly 
  in 
  public 
  works) 
  ; 
  and 
  13 
  pubhc 
  con- 
  

   veniences, 
  7 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  fitted 
  with 
  pans, 
  and 
  6 
  with 
  Macfarlane's 
  patent 
  

   troughs. 
  One 
  hundred 
  and 
  nine 
  manufactories 
  discharge 
  refuse 
  of 
  various 
  

   kinds 
  into 
  the 
  sewers. 
  And 
  there 
  are 
  2,304 
  stables, 
  with 
  7,024 
  horses 
  ; 
  

  

  