﻿Thomson. 
  — 
  On 
  the 
  Cleansing 
  of 
  Toivns. 
  51 
  

  

  It 
  ia 
  right 
  to 
  add, 
  the 
  report 
  continues, 
  that 
  at 
  Edinburgh, 
  Croydon 
  and 
  

   other 
  places, 
  no 
  evil 
  effects 
  to 
  health 
  have 
  been 
  traced 
  to 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  

   the 
  farms 
  irrigated 
  by 
  their 
  sewage 
  ; 
  but 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  land 
  itself, 
  sometimes 
  

   enormous 
  quantities 
  of 
  sewage 
  are 
  applied 
  in 
  season 
  and 
  out 
  of 
  season, 
  till 
  

   the 
  surfeited 
  land 
  is 
  sick, 
  and 
  even 
  then 
  it 
  has 
  to 
  take 
  more. 
  If 
  the 
  land 
  

   were 
  obtainable 
  at 
  an 
  ordinary 
  agricultural 
  value, 
  suitable 
  for 
  the 
  reception 
  

   and 
  distribution 
  of 
  sewage 
  without 
  pumping, 
  a 
  sewage 
  farm 
  might 
  be 
  made 
  

   to 
  yield 
  a 
  profit. 
  

  

  Eegarding 
  chemical 
  treatment, 
  the 
  report 
  states 
  that 
  purification 
  of 
  

   sewage 
  is 
  possible, 
  and 
  is 
  carried 
  out 
  successfully 
  at 
  Bradford, 
  Leeds, 
  

   Coventry, 
  Bu'miugham 
  and 
  other 
  towns, 
  but, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  Dej)utation 
  had 
  

   been 
  able 
  to 
  ascertain, 
  the 
  sale 
  of 
  the 
  so-called 
  manure 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  

   failed 
  of 
  accomplishment, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  wondered 
  at, 
  as 
  the 
  processes 
  

   fail 
  to 
  consume 
  the 
  ammonia 
  and 
  potash 
  salts, 
  winch 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  valuable 
  

   part. 
  

  

  As 
  a 
  precipitant, 
  hme 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  most 
  capable 
  of 
  universal 
  application, 
  

   especially 
  if 
  supplemented 
  by 
  some 
  form 
  of 
  charcoal. 
  The 
  A, 
  B, 
  C 
  process 
  

   was 
  examined, 
  but 
  with 
  unfavourable 
  results, 
  and 
  the 
  manure 
  obtained 
  b^^ 
  

   this 
  process 
  has 
  a 
  very 
  low 
  market 
  value 
  ; 
  the 
  manipulations 
  are 
  also 
  

   attended 
  with 
  a 
  most 
  nauseous 
  odour. 
  

  

  Intermittent 
  filtration 
  has 
  been 
  carried 
  out 
  quite 
  successfully 
  at 
  Merthyr 
  

   Tydvil, 
  but 
  the 
  conditions 
  there 
  are 
  so 
  exceptional 
  that 
  there 
  are 
  very 
  few 
  

   places 
  where 
  the 
  process 
  could 
  be 
  pursued 
  with 
  equally 
  satisfactory 
  results. 
  

   It 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  in 
  operation 
  also 
  at 
  Kendal. 
  

  

  Eeferring 
  to 
  the 
  defects 
  of 
  the 
  water-caniage 
  system, 
  the 
  report 
  points 
  

   out 
  the 
  decomposition 
  and 
  evolution 
  of 
  sewer-gases, 
  calling 
  for 
  careful 
  

   ventilation 
  in 
  all 
  cases. 
  

  

  Water-closets 
  should 
  be 
  discouraged 
  in 
  small 
  houses 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  greater 
  

   likehhood 
  of 
  their 
  getting 
  out 
  of 
  order. 
  Drainage 
  from 
  stables 
  and 
  byres 
  

   should 
  be 
  absolutely 
  prohibited, 
  and 
  chemical 
  factories 
  should 
  be 
  under 
  

   close 
  regulation, 
  as, 
  where 
  the 
  disinfectant 
  is 
  cheap, 
  there 
  can 
  be 
  no 
  hard- 
  

   ship 
  to 
  the 
  proprietors. 
  

  

  Coming 
  to 
  the 
  dry 
  system 
  as 
  affecting 
  Glasgow, 
  it 
  is 
  stated 
  that 
  the 
  

   number 
  of 
  houses 
  is 
  100,000, 
  water-closets 
  numbering 
  only 
  32,000, 
  showing 
  

   that 
  half 
  the 
  population 
  is 
  provided 
  with 
  these, 
  the 
  other 
  half 
  being 
  supplied 
  

   with 
  other 
  conveniences 
  in 
  one 
  form 
  or 
  another 
  of 
  the 
  dry-closet. 
  This 
  

   branch 
  has 
  therefore 
  occupied 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  attention 
  of 
  the 
  Deputation. 
  In 
  

   Leeds 
  the 
  old-fashioned 
  privies 
  are 
  being 
  replaced 
  by 
  trough 
  water-closets 
  ; 
  

   in 
  Manchester 
  and 
  Birmingham, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  water-closets 
  are 
  being 
  

   systematically 
  repressed, 
  and 
  elaborate 
  attention 
  is 
  being 
  paid 
  to 
  the 
  develop- 
  

  

  