﻿64 
  Transactions, 
  — 
  Miscellaneous, 
  

  

  abolished 
  by 
  law, 
  due 
  regard 
  in 
  point 
  of 
  time 
  being 
  had 
  to 
  the 
  condition 
  of 
  

   each 
  locaHty." 
  

  

  By 
  referring 
  to 
  appendix 
  I.,* 
  the 
  cost 
  of 
  the 
  several 
  systems 
  of 
  town- 
  

   cleansing 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  at 
  a 
  glance, 
  which 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  to 
  vary 
  from 
  Id. 
  to 
  

   ll^d. 
  j)er 
  pound 
  on 
  the 
  rateable 
  value 
  of 
  house 
  property, 
  local 
  peculiarities 
  

   evidently 
  having 
  influence 
  in 
  this 
  matter. 
  For 
  instance, 
  at 
  Eochdale, 
  

   scavengering 
  is 
  put 
  down 
  at 
  8|d., 
  Birmingham 
  at 
  5|d., 
  and 
  Leamington 
  at 
  

   Id. 
  ; 
  while 
  sewage 
  for 
  Eochdale 
  is 
  put 
  down 
  at 
  Od., 
  Birmingham 
  at 
  i^d., 
  

   and 
  Leamington 
  at 
  5^d. 
  ; 
  the 
  totals 
  being 
  8fd., 
  lOd., 
  and 
  6^d. 
  respectively. 
  

   The 
  highest 
  rated 
  is 
  Blackburn, 
  viz., 
  at 
  lljd. 
  in 
  the 
  pound. 
  

  

  Coming 
  to 
  my 
  own 
  observations, 
  I 
  shall 
  first 
  notice 
  Berwick-upon-Tweed, 
  

   as 
  I 
  had 
  an 
  opportunity 
  of 
  watching 
  the 
  construction 
  of 
  the 
  waterworks 
  

   and 
  di'aiuage 
  of 
  that 
  town 
  23 
  years 
  ago, 
  so 
  I 
  inspected 
  then- 
  state 
  lately 
  

   with 
  more 
  than 
  ordinary 
  interest. 
  This 
  is 
  a 
  town 
  of 
  20,000 
  inhabitants, 
  

   situated 
  on 
  rising 
  ground 
  near 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Tweed, 
  and 
  where 
  its 
  waters 
  

   are 
  fully 
  affected 
  by 
  the 
  tide. 
  I 
  ascertained 
  that 
  the 
  drainage 
  on 
  the 
  whole 
  

   had 
  worked 
  well, 
  excepting 
  when 
  the 
  water-supply 
  ran 
  short, 
  which 
  occurs 
  

   periodically 
  in 
  the 
  simimer. 
  The 
  sewers, 
  constructed 
  about 
  23 
  years 
  ago, 
  

   were 
  well 
  executed 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  engineer 
  had 
  under-estimated 
  the 
  water- 
  

   supply, 
  which 
  had 
  rendered 
  the 
  working 
  somewhat 
  experimental. 
  The 
  first 
  

   trouble 
  that 
  was 
  experienced 
  was 
  in 
  the 
  high-pressure 
  mains 
  being 
  con- 
  

   nected 
  directly 
  with 
  the 
  water-closets 
  ; 
  this, 
  when 
  the 
  supply 
  of 
  water 
  was 
  

   intermittent, 
  sent 
  the 
  excreta 
  back 
  into 
  the 
  closets, 
  creating 
  great 
  nuisances; 
  

   this 
  difficulty 
  has 
  now 
  been 
  obviated 
  by 
  each 
  closet 
  being 
  provided 
  with 
  a 
  

   small 
  cistern 
  filled 
  by 
  the 
  mains, 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  closets 
  are 
  sixpplied. 
  

   Before 
  this 
  was 
  done, 
  people, 
  finding 
  the 
  water 
  not 
  on 
  in 
  leaving, 
  tied 
  up 
  

   the 
  valve, 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  might 
  run 
  when 
  it 
  came 
  on, 
  thus 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  supply 
  

   was 
  wasted 
  by 
  the 
  water 
  running 
  continuously. 
  

  

  The 
  poor 
  classes 
  especially 
  are 
  difficult 
  to 
  manage 
  or 
  to 
  deal 
  with, 
  owing 
  

   to 
  the 
  practice 
  they 
  are 
  given 
  to 
  of 
  abusing 
  the 
  conveniences, 
  hence 
  this 
  

   class 
  always 
  demand 
  sharp 
  looking 
  after 
  by 
  the 
  inspector. 
  

  

  Ashpits 
  are 
  allowed 
  in 
  this 
  town 
  to 
  a 
  limited 
  extent, 
  but 
  for 
  small 
  houses 
  

   boxes 
  or 
  pails 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  the 
  removal 
  of 
  rubbish, 
  ashes, 
  &c. 
  

  

  The 
  sewage 
  falls 
  into 
  the 
  river 
  Tweed, 
  but 
  to 
  this 
  the 
  Tweed 
  Salmon 
  

   Commissioners 
  object 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  tending 
  to 
  pollute 
  the 
  stream 
  and 
  destroy 
  fish* 
  

  

  When 
  the 
  high-pressure 
  water-supply 
  is 
  good 
  and 
  sufficient, 
  the 
  water- 
  

   eloset 
  and 
  sewage 
  system 
  of 
  the 
  town 
  has 
  worked 
  well, 
  but 
  the 
  entire 
  

   problem 
  of 
  the 
  removal 
  of 
  house-refuse 
  has 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  fully 
  solved. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  quite 
  clear 
  that 
  here, 
  as 
  elsewhere, 
  the 
  subject 
  is 
  one 
  for 
  continuous 
  

   effort, 
  not 
  possible 
  to 
  be 
  settled 
  by 
  spasmodic 
  exertion, 
  and 
  then 
  to 
  be 
  

   done 
  with. 
  

  

  * 
  End 
  of 
  Glasgow 
  Eeport 
  copied^ 
  

  

  