﻿62 
  TranaactiGns, 
  — 
  Miscellaneous. 
  

  

  Then, 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  sewage 
  working 
  upwards, 
  the 
  Engineer 
  quotes 
  a 
  previous 
  

   paper 
  by 
  Captain 
  Oalver, 
  where 
  he 
  himself 
  "proves 
  very 
  distinctly 
  the 
  

   decided 
  preponderance 
  of 
  the 
  power 
  of 
  the 
  ebb 
  over 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  flood," 
  and 
  

   points 
  out 
  that 
  the 
  late 
  theory 
  propounded 
  by 
  Captain 
  Oalver, 
  to 
  wit, 
  " 
  the 
  

   operation 
  of 
  accretion 
  has 
  been 
  effected 
  by 
  the 
  superior 
  disturbing 
  and 
  trans- 
  

   porting 
  power 
  of 
  the 
  flood 
  stream," 
  is 
  " 
  diametrically 
  opposite 
  and 
  con- 
  

   tradictory." 
  He 
  also 
  calls 
  attention 
  to 
  Captain 
  Calver's 
  grammar 
  in 
  regard 
  

   to 
  his 
  introduction 
  into 
  the 
  English 
  language 
  of 
  the 
  new 
  word 
  " 
  stickability." 
  

  

  The 
  amount 
  of 
  soUd 
  matter 
  actually 
  contained 
  in 
  the 
  sewage 
  is 
  then 
  

   discussed, 
  of 
  which 
  32 
  examples 
  were 
  taken 
  from 
  different 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  

   Thames, 
  which, 
  being 
  analysed, 
  the 
  Engineer 
  proceeds 
  : 
  " 
  Then 
  taking 
  the 
  

   average 
  quantity 
  of 
  sewage 
  discharged 
  in 
  the 
  24 
  hours, 
  at 
  120 
  million 
  

   gallons, 
  we 
  have, 
  for 
  the 
  weight 
  of 
  solid 
  matter 
  discharged 
  into 
  the 
  river 
  

   every 
  year, 
  64,250 
  tons." 
  A 
  different 
  result 
  from 
  Captain 
  Calver's, 
  which 
  is 
  

   465,000 
  tons. 
  

  

  Again 
  : 
  The 
  rejoinder 
  continues, 
  the 
  quantity 
  of 
  soHd 
  matter 
  discharged 
  

   into 
  the 
  river 
  at 
  the 
  outfalls 
  in 
  each 
  tide 
  is 
  88 
  tons, 
  or 
  1,380 
  milUou 
  grains; 
  

   and 
  the 
  quantity 
  of 
  tidal 
  water 
  passing 
  the 
  outfalls 
  in 
  a 
  spring 
  ebb, 
  as 
  stated 
  

   by 
  Captain 
  Calver 
  is 
  108,138,140 
  cubic 
  yards, 
  or 
  18,248,311,125 
  gallons 
  ; 
  

   consequently 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  solid 
  matter 
  thrown 
  into 
  the 
  river 
  from 
  the 
  

   outfalls 
  only 
  " 
  amounts 
  to 
  '076, 
  or 
  -jJg- 
  of 
  a 
  grain 
  per 
  gallon, 
  a 
  quantity 
  

   far 
  too 
  small 
  to 
  exercise 
  any 
  appreciable 
  influence 
  upon 
  the 
  purity 
  of 
  the 
  

   water." 
  

  

  Again 
  : 
  " 
  That 
  the 
  water 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  reaches 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  is 
  very 
  much 
  

   loaded 
  with 
  mud, 
  especially 
  upon 
  flood-tide, 
  is 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  fact 
  which 
  cannot 
  

   fail 
  to 
  strike 
  any 
  person 
  observing 
  it 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  reason 
  will 
  be 
  very 
  evident 
  

   upon 
  examining 
  the 
  state 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  banks." 
  Then 
  alluding 
  to 
  the 
  

   "saltings," 
  that 
  is 
  erosions 
  by 
  waves, 
  having 
  been 
  computed; 
  the 
  cubic 
  

   contents 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  are 
  estimated, 
  whereby 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  that 
  " 
  at 
  least 
  a 
  

   million 
  tons 
  of 
  soil 
  are 
  washed 
  into 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  every 
  year, 
  in 
  

   addition 
  to 
  that 
  which 
  is 
  brought 
  down 
  from 
  above." 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  stated 
  that 
  thus 
  the 
  " 
  saltings 
  below 
  London, 
  therefore, 
  supply 
  at 
  

   least 
  15|^ 
  times 
  as 
  much 
  solid 
  matter 
  as 
  that 
  discharged 
  by 
  the 
  sewage 
  out- 
  

   falls." 
  This, 
  the 
  Engineer 
  adds, 
  "is, 
  in 
  fact, 
  the 
  real 
  source 
  of 
  the 
  mud 
  

   deposit 
  on 
  the 
  banks 
  of 
  the 
  river, 
  which, 
  as 
  we 
  have 
  shown. 
  Captain 
  Calver 
  

   has 
  erroneously 
  attributed 
  to 
  the 
  metropolitan 
  sewage." 
  

  

  The 
  report 
  concludes 
  " 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  documentary 
  evidence 
  to 
  prove 
  

   that 
  foul 
  and 
  offensive 
  accretions 
  have 
  recently 
  formed 
  within 
  the 
  channel 
  of 
  

   the 
  Thames;" 
  that, 
  "in 
  fact, 
  the 
  water 
  and 
  mud 
  of 
  the 
  Thames 
  have 
  im- 
  

   proved 
  greatly 
  in 
  purity; 
  " 
  that 
  " 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  resemblance 
  between 
  Thames 
  

  

  