﻿HuTTON. 
  — 
  On 
  Phalacrocorax 
  carunculatus. 
  838 
  

  

  the 
  name 
  of 
  relecanus 
  carunculatus, 
  distinguished, 
  among 
  other 
  things, 
  by 
  

   having 
  red 
  caruncles, 
  or 
  elevated 
  papillas, 
  behind 
  the 
  nostrils. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  Latham 
  in 
  his 
  " 
  General 
  Synopsis 
  of 
  Birds,"* 
  (1878), 
  using 
  the 
  

   unpublished 
  manuscripts 
  and 
  drawings 
  of 
  the 
  Forsters, 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  

   divided 
  this 
  species 
  into 
  two, 
  which 
  he 
  called 
  the 
  carunculated 
  shag 
  and 
  

   the 
  tufted 
  shag 
  respectively. 
  

  

  Subsequently 
  (1788) 
  Gm^lin, 
  in 
  editing 
  Linnaeus' 
  " 
  Systema 
  Natura" 
  

   took 
  these 
  two 
  species 
  out 
  of 
  Latham 
  and 
  named 
  them 
  Pelecanus 
  caruncu- 
  

   latus 
  and 
  Pelecanus 
  cirrata, 
  the 
  last 
  being 
  Latham's 
  "tufted 
  shag." 
  Both 
  

   are 
  said 
  to 
  come 
  from 
  New 
  Zealand 
  only. 
  P. 
  carunculatus 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  

   the 
  face 
  naked 
  and 
  "carunculated 
  red," 
  and 
  to 
  be 
  about 
  20 
  inches 
  in 
  

   length, 
  f 
  

  

  P. 
  cirratus 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  the 
  crown 
  crested, 
  the 
  tail 
  composed 
  of 
  

   foui'teen 
  feathers, 
  and 
  in 
  length 
  to 
  be 
  about 
  34 
  inches. 
  

  

  In 
  1828 
  Latham 
  published 
  his 
  " 
  General 
  History 
  of 
  Birds," 
  in 
  which 
  he 
  

   adopts 
  Gmelin's 
  scientific 
  names. 
  

  

  Graculus 
  carunculatus 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  about 
  30 
  inches 
  in 
  length, 
  and 
  to 
  have 
  

   the 
  space 
  between 
  the 
  bill 
  and 
  the 
  eye 
  much 
  carunculated, 
  and 
  over 
  the 
  eye 
  

   a 
  tubercle 
  much 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  rest. 
  It 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  rare 
  in 
  Queen 
  Char- 
  

   lotte 
  Sound 
  (NeAV 
  Zealand) 
  and 
  abundant 
  in 
  Staaten 
  Land. 
  Graculus 
  

   cirrhatus 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  34 
  inches 
  in 
  length 
  ; 
  no 
  caruncles 
  are 
  mentioned, 
  but 
  

   the 
  skin 
  round 
  the 
  eye 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  bare. 
  Evidently 
  following 
  Gmelin 
  

   doubtfully, 
  he 
  remarks 
  — 
  " 
  tail 
  rounded 
  and 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  fourteen 
  feathers." 
  

   Queen 
  Charlotte 
  Sound 
  is 
  given 
  as 
  the 
  only 
  habitat. 
  

  

  Captain 
  King, 
  E.N., 
  described 
  in 
  1830 
  (P.Z.S., 
  Part 
  I., 
  p. 
  30) 
  under 
  

   the 
  name 
  of 
  Phalacrocorax 
  imperialis, 
  a 
  shag, 
  from 
  the 
  Straits 
  of 
  Magellan, 
  

   which 
  has 
  the 
  head 
  crested. 
  No 
  mention 
  is 
  made 
  of 
  any 
  caruncles, 
  but 
  the 
  

   tail-feathers 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  twelve 
  in 
  number. 
  Brandt 
  (Bull. 
  Sci. 
  Acad., 
  

   Petersburg, 
  1837]:) 
  not 
  only 
  gives 
  all 
  these 
  three 
  species, 
  but 
  adds 
  another, 
  

   Carbo 
  irurpurascens, 
  from 
  Chili 
  and 
  the 
  Falkland 
  Islands, 
  characterised 
  by 
  

   the 
  absence 
  of 
  any 
  white 
  on 
  the 
  wing-coverts. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  G. 
  Gray 
  in 
  the 
  " 
  Zoology 
  of 
  the 
  Voyage 
  of 
  the 
  Erebus 
  and 
  Terror" 
  

   (1844) 
  united 
  Gmelin's 
  two 
  species 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  G. 
  cirrhatus, 
  and 
  

   said 
  that 
  G. 
  carunculatus 
  was 
  the 
  young, 
  " 
  wanting 
  the 
  crest, 
  the 
  long 
  

   hnear 
  feathers 
  over 
  each 
  eye, 
  and 
  the 
  oblong 
  spot 
  on 
  each 
  wing." 
  He 
  gives 
  

   P. 
  imperialis, 
  King, 
  as 
  a 
  synonym 
  of 
  P. 
  cirrhatus, 
  Gmel. 
  

  

  Bonaparte 
  in 
  his 
  "Conspectus 
  Generum 
  Avium" 
  (1857) 
  separates 
  

   cirrhatus 
  from 
  carunculatus, 
  and 
  puts 
  them 
  in 
  different 
  genera, 
  on 
  account 
  

   of 
  the 
  supposed 
  difference 
  in 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  tail-feathers. 
  Hypoleucus 
  

  

  * 
  This 
  book 
  I 
  havfi 
  not 
  seen. 
  

  

  t 
  I 
  take 
  these 
  from 
  the 
  edition 
  of 
  1S06. 
  The 
  length 
  is 
  probably 
  a 
  mistake 
  for 
  30 
  incli3s. 
  

  

  I 
  This 
  publication 
  I 
  have 
  not 
  sscu. 
  

  

  