﻿HuTTON. 
  — 
  On 
  Phalacrocorax 
  canmculatus. 
  335 
  

  

  from 
  Kergueleu's 
  Land, 
  the 
  Cliatham 
  Islands, 
  and 
  New 
  Zealand, 
  in 
  the 
  

   Otago 
  Museum, 
  and 
  I 
  have 
  no 
  hesitation 
  in 
  confirming 
  Dr. 
  Finsch's 
  opinion 
  

   that 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  quite 
  distinct 
  species. 
  

  

  The 
  Falkland 
  Islands 
  and 
  the 
  Kerguelen's 
  Land 
  hirds 
  have 
  the 
  gular 
  

   pouch 
  naked 
  ; 
  the 
  white 
  of 
  the 
  throat 
  extends 
  over 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  neck, 
  and 
  the 
  caruncles 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  bill 
  are 
  large, 
  project- 
  

   ing 
  considerably 
  above 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  the 
  front, 
  the 
  two 
  meeting, 
  or 
  nearly 
  

   meeting, 
  in 
  the 
  median 
  line 
  above 
  the 
  bill. 
  In 
  the 
  Chatham 
  Island 
  and 
  

   New 
  Zealand 
  birds, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  band 
  of 
  white 
  feathers 
  along 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  

   gular 
  pouch 
  ; 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  neck 
  are 
  dark, 
  and 
  the 
  caruncles 
  are 
  

   reduced 
  to 
  small 
  papilla, 
  which 
  do 
  not 
  project 
  above 
  the 
  hne 
  of 
  the 
  front, 
  

   and 
  are 
  divided 
  by 
  the 
  feathers 
  of 
  the 
  front. 
  

  

  But, 
  although 
  it 
  is 
  easy 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  there 
  are 
  at 
  least 
  two 
  species, 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  

   easy 
  to 
  say 
  which 
  name 
  should 
  be 
  apphed 
  to 
  each. 
  Forster, 
  no 
  doubt, 
  first 
  

   described 
  the 
  New 
  Zealand 
  bird, 
  and 
  afterwards 
  erroneously 
  identified 
  the 
  

   South 
  American 
  bird 
  with 
  it, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  doubtful 
  whether 
  he 
  had 
  apphed 
  the 
  

   name 
  carunculatus 
  to 
  the 
  New 
  Zealand 
  bird 
  before 
  he 
  had 
  examined 
  those 
  

   in 
  Terra 
  del 
  Fuego, 
  and 
  as 
  his 
  manuscripts 
  were 
  not 
  published 
  until 
  1844, 
  

   it 
  is 
  immaterial 
  for 
  the 
  present 
  enquiry 
  whether 
  he 
  did 
  or 
  not. 
  Gmelin 
  was 
  

   the 
  first 
  to 
  name 
  the 
  birds, 
  and 
  he 
  gave 
  the 
  name 
  carunculatus 
  to 
  the 
  smaller 
  

   carunculated 
  bird 
  without 
  a 
  crest, 
  and 
  cirrhatus 
  to 
  the 
  larger 
  and 
  crested 
  

   bird.* 
  Gmelin 
  says 
  that 
  both 
  birds 
  come 
  from 
  New 
  Zealand 
  only, 
  but 
  he 
  

   took 
  his 
  birds 
  from 
  Latham, 
  and 
  Latham 
  says 
  that 
  cirrhatus 
  occurs 
  in 
  New 
  

   Zealand 
  only, 
  while 
  carunculatus 
  is 
  rare 
  in 
  New 
  Zealand, 
  and 
  common 
  in 
  

   South 
  America. 
  The 
  smaUer 
  size, 
  the 
  caruncles, 
  and 
  the 
  locality 
  would 
  aU 
  

   point 
  to 
  carunculatus 
  as 
  the 
  South 
  American 
  bird, 
  but, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  

   the 
  New 
  Zealand 
  bird 
  appears 
  never 
  to 
  get 
  a 
  crest. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  Kidder 
  gives 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  a 
  Kerguelen's 
  Land 
  buxl 
  at 
  23|- 
  in. 
  ; 
  the 
  

   specimen 
  in 
  the 
  Otago 
  Museum 
  is 
  rather 
  larger. 
  Dr. 
  BuHer 
  gives 
  the 
  

   length 
  of 
  birds 
  from 
  New 
  Zealand 
  as 
  32 
  in., 
  and 
  of 
  birds 
  irom. 
  the 
  Chatham 
  

   Islands 
  at 
  26 
  in. 
  (Trans. 
  N.Z. 
  Inst., 
  IX., 
  p. 
  339). 
  The 
  Chatham 
  Island 
  

   bu'ds 
  are 
  evidently 
  smaller 
  than 
  those 
  from 
  New 
  Zealand, 
  but 
  neither 
  

   Latham, 
  Gmehn, 
  Brandt, 
  nor 
  Bonaparte 
  had 
  seen 
  birds 
  from 
  the 
  Chatham 
  

   Islands. 
  Brandt 
  or 
  Bonaparte 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  first 
  to 
  state 
  that 
  both 
  

   species 
  came 
  from 
  South 
  America, 
  and 
  when 
  Dr. 
  Finsch 
  had 
  to 
  transfer 
  one 
  

   back 
  again 
  to 
  New 
  Zealand, 
  he 
  took 
  carunculatus. 
  The 
  evidence 
  is, 
  how 
  

   ever, 
  I 
  think, 
  in 
  favour 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  Zealand 
  bh^d 
  being 
  cirrhatus 
  ; 
  and, 
  as 
  

   the 
  Magellan 
  Straits 
  bh'd 
  truly 
  merits 
  the 
  name 
  carunculatus, 
  while 
  the 
  New 
  

   Zealand 
  bird 
  does 
  not, 
  I 
  think 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  better 
  to 
  change 
  Dr. 
  Finsch's 
  

   nomenclature. 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  tail-feathers 
  can 
  be 
  omitted, 
  as 
  both 
  species 
  have 
  12 
  taU-feathers* 
  

  

  