﻿83d 
  Transactions. 
  — 
  Zoology. 
  

  

  The 
  idea 
  tliat 
  the 
  South 
  American 
  bird 
  is 
  P. 
  cirrhaius 
  was 
  probably 
  

   stated 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Gray, 
  who 
  no 
  doubt 
  had 
  seen 
  Captain 
  King's 
  specimens, 
  

   giving 
  P. 
  impcriaUs, 
  King, 
  as 
  a 
  synonym 
  of 
  P. 
  cirrhatus, 
  Gml. 
  ; 
  but 
  Mr. 
  

   Gray 
  inckided 
  P. 
  caruncidatus 
  with 
  P. 
  cirrhatus, 
  and 
  Bonaparte 
  gives 
  

   imperialis 
  as 
  a 
  synonym 
  of 
  P. 
  caruncidatus, 
  Gml. 
  

   The 
  synouomy 
  will 
  therefore 
  be 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

   Phalaceocoeax 
  cakunculatus. 
  

  

  Carunculated 
  Shag, 
  Latham 
  (1775). 
  

  

  I'elecanus 
  caruncnlatus, 
  Gtnelin 
  (1778). 
  Habitat 
  wrong. 
  

  

  Graculus 
  caruncidatus, 
  Latham 
  (1828). 
  

  

  Phalacrocorax 
  imperialis, 
  King 
  (1830). 
  

  

  Carho 
  caruncidatus, 
  Brandt 
  (1837). 
  

  

  Garbo 
  purpurascens 
  , 
  Brandt 
  (1837). 
  

  

  Leucocarbo 
  carunculatus, 
  Bonaparte 
  (1857). 
  

  

  Leucocarbo 
  purpurascens, 
  BonaTpavte 
  [1857). 
  

  

  Graculus 
  carunculatus, 
  Finsch 
  (1870). 
  

  

  Graculus 
  carunculatus, 
  Hutton 
  (Cat. 
  Birds 
  of 
  New 
  Zealand, 
  1872, 
  ex 
  Layard) 
  

   Hah. 
  wrong. 
  

  

  Graculus 
  cirrhatus, 
  Finsch 
  (1874). 
  

  

  Graculus 
  carunculatus, 
  Coues 
  (1875). 
  

   Hah.\ 
  Straits 
  of 
  Magellan, 
  Falkland 
  Islands, 
  Crozet 
  Islands, 
  Kerguelen's 
  

   Land, 
  

  

  Phalaceocoeax 
  cirrhatus. 
  

  

  Tufted 
  Shag, 
  Latham 
  (1775), 
  

  

  Pelesanus 
  cirrhatus, 
  Gmelin 
  (1778). 
  

  

  Graculus 
  cirrhatus, 
  Latham 
  (1828). 
  

  

  Carbo 
  cirrhatus, 
  Brandt 
  (1837). 
  

  

  Graculus 
  cirrhatus, 
  Gray 
  (1814). 
  

  

  Hypoleucus 
  cirrhatus, 
  Bonaparte 
  (1857). 
  Habitat 
  wrong. 
  

  

  Phalacrocorax 
  carunculatus, 
  BuUer 
  (1873). 
  

  

  Graculus 
  caruncidatus, 
  Finsch 
  (1874). 
  

  

  Graculus 
  carunculatus, 
  Sharpe 
  (1875). 
  

   Hab. 
  : 
  New 
  Zealand 
  and 
  the 
  Chatham 
  Islands. 
  

  

  The 
  next 
  question 
  is, 
  are 
  there 
  more 
  than 
  two 
  species 
  ? 
  The 
  Kerguelen's 
  

   Land 
  birds 
  differ 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  South 
  America 
  in 
  having 
  no 
  white 
  bar 
  on 
  

   the 
  wing, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  caruncle 
  being 
  yellow 
  instead 
  of 
  crimson. 
  If 
  constant 
  

   these 
  differences 
  are 
  sufficient 
  to 
  distinguish 
  the 
  Kerguelen's 
  Land 
  species, 
  

   to 
  which 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  P. 
  purpurascens, 
  Brandt, 
  should 
  be 
  applied, 
  unless 
  that 
  

   is 
  only 
  the 
  immature 
  P. 
  carunculatus, 
  which 
  is 
  most 
  likely. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  Buller 
  has 
  also 
  suggested 
  (Trans. 
  N.Z. 
  Inst. 
  IX., 
  p. 
  338) 
  that 
  P. 
  

   cirrhatus 
  may 
  possibly 
  include 
  two 
  species, 
  the 
  birds 
  of 
  the 
  Chatham 
  

   Islands 
  being 
  distinguished 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  New 
  Zealand 
  by 
  being 
  smaller 
  

   and 
  crested, 
  and 
  he 
  formerly 
  proposed 
  to 
  call 
  the 
  New 
  Zealand 
  bird 
  P. 
  

   Jinschi, 
  but 
  found 
  that 
  that 
  name 
  had 
  been 
  appropriated 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Sharpe, 
  

  

  