﻿4l6 
  

  

  Transactions. 
  — 
  Botany. 
  

  

  more 
  or 
  less 
  completely, 
  cleistogamic 
  flowers. 
  F. 
  tricolor, 
  the 
  parent 
  plant 
  

  

  of 
  our 
  gai'den 
  pansy, 
  does 
  not 
  produce 
  them, 
  and 
  we 
  find 
  in 
  the 
  above 
  list 
  

  

  a 
  gradation 
  in 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  depauperation, 
  which 
  appears 
  to 
  reach 
  its 
  

  

  maximum 
  in 
  the 
  Indian 
  V. 
  nana. 
  Tliis 
  species, 
  tiiougli 
  producing 
  perfect 
  

  

  flowers 
  in 
  its 
  native 
  habitat 
  in 
  tlie 
  Sikkim 
  Terai, 
  produced 
  only 
  cleistogamic 
  

  

  flowers^ 
  in 
  Calcutta, 
  and 
  in 
  Mr. 
  Darwin's 
  greenhouse, 
  and 
  this 
  for 
  many 
  

  

  successive 
  seasons. 
  

  

  Three 
  species 
  of 
  Viola 
  have 
  been 
  described 
  as 
  occurring 
  in 
  New 
  Zealand. 
  

  

  Of 
  these 
  I 
  have 
  not 
  seen 
  V. 
  lyalli, 
  but 
  have 
  examined 
  the 
  other 
  two. 
  The 
  

  

  presence 
  of 
  cleistogamic 
  flowers 
  on 
  these 
  plants 
  has 
  long 
  been 
  known, 
  but 
  

  

  their 
  structure 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  minutely 
  described, 
  and 
  most 
  people 
  take 
  them 
  

  

  for 
  buds. 
  

  

  Viola 
  filicaulis, 
  Hook. 
  f. 
  

  

  This 
  species 
  bears 
  exceedingly 
  variable 
  flowers, 
  some 
  being 
  only 
  slightly 
  

  

  depauperated, 
  while 
  others 
  are 
  completely 
  closed. 
  I 
  am 
  strongly 
  inclined 
  

  

  to 
  think 
  that 
  those 
  plants 
  which 
  grow 
  in 
  open, 
  sunny 
  spots, 
  produce 
  more 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  conspicuous 
  flowers 
  than 
  those 
  growing 
  in 
  hidden 
  and 
  out-of-the-way 
  

  

  corners. 
  Clumps 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  were 
  in 
  many 
  cases 
  gathered 
  from 
  deep 
  

  

  clefts 
  among 
  rocks, 
  and 
  these 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  most 
  cases 
  to 
  be 
  covered 
  with 
  

  

  cleistogamic 
  flowers, 
  but 
  to 
  have 
  few 
  or 
  none 
  of 
  the 
  conspicuous 
  ones. 
  

  

  The 
  ordinary 
  flowers 
  of 
  this 
  plant 
  are 
  produced 
  on 
  slender 
  peduncles 
  

  

  from 
  three 
  to 
  six 
  inches 
  in 
  length. 
  

  

  The 
  petals, 
  which 
  are 
  about 
  twice 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  sepals, 
  

  

  are 
  white 
  or 
  pale 
  blue, 
  elegantly 
  streaked 
  with 
  brown 
  and 
  

  

  yellow 
  ; 
  the 
  lower 
  one 
  being 
  furnished 
  with 
  a 
  very 
  short, 
  

  

  obtuse 
  spur. 
  The 
  stamens 
  are 
  well 
  developed, 
  with 
  a 
  

  

  thin, 
  broad 
  connective, 
  which 
  extends 
  considerably 
  above 
  

  

  the 
  anther 
  lobes, 
  and 
  the 
  two 
  lower 
  stamens 
  are 
  furnished 
  

  

  with 
  short, 
  truncate 
  spurs. 
  The 
  style 
  is 
  long 
  and 
  curved, 
  

  

  and 
  terminated 
  by 
  a 
  quadrangular 
  stigmatic 
  aperture. 
  

  

  The 
  cleistogamic 
  flowers 
  are 
  borne 
  on 
  curved 
  peduncles, 
  

  

  very 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  root, 
  from 
  ^ 
  to 
  1 
  inch 
  in 
  length. 
  The 
  

  

  flowers 
  themselves 
  are 
  very 
  small, 
  seldom 
  exceeding 
  a 
  

  

  quarter 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  length. 
  The 
  sepals 
  are 
  similar 
  in 
  

  

  form 
  and 
  development 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  ordinary 
  flowers. 
  

  

  V^ 
  ^^/ 
  7 
  The 
  petals 
  are 
  shorter 
  than 
  and 
  included 
  in 
  the 
  sepals, 
  

  

  l,a. 
  Spurred 
  stamen 
  and 
  are 
  all 
  regular 
  in 
  shape. 
  The 
  stamens 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  

  

  ' 
  ixom 
  conspicuous 
  ^j^ 
  represented, 
  but 
  none 
  have 
  the 
  spur. 
  The 
  filaments 
  

   flower 
  of 
  V. 
  vili- 
  ^ 
  ^ 
  

  

  caulis 
  X 
  25. 
  are 
  narrow, 
  not 
  extended 
  lateral]}^ 
  but 
  prolonged 
  shortly 
  

  

  1, 
  6. 
  Pollen 
  grains 
  ^ijove 
  the 
  anthers 
  to 
  a 
  short, 
  acute 
  hood. 
  The 
  anthers 
  

   from 
  the 
  same 
  

   X 
  225. 
  are 
  applied 
  closely 
  to 
  the 
  pistil, 
  and 
  the 
  pollen 
  grains^ 
  

  

  