vni. D, 1 Jones: The Cigarette Beetle 7 



The data for the above tables were obtained by carefully 

 examining cigars taken from the general stock of various 

 factories in Manila. The cigars were selected as near the same 

 dates of making and boxing as possible. 



From what has been said of oviposition, it will be seen that 

 the larva, when full gro%\Ti and ready to pupate, is usually inside 

 the cigar or cigarette. It apparently makes little effort to get 

 to the surface, but pupates wherever it happens to be, forming 

 a flimsy cell (Plate I, fig. 5) of small particles of tobacco. When 

 the larva is near the surface of the cigar, it eats a small round 

 hole through the wrapper, and this is afterwards closed by the 

 formation of the pupal cell, and the adult upon emerging only 

 needs to break the flimsy cell to escape. In many cases the pupal 

 cell is formed between cigars. Pupal cells vary in form in 

 accordance with the place and conditions under which pupation 

 occurs. Within cigars, the cells are usually ovoid. Where 

 larvae pupate against the sides of a cigar box or other substance, 

 they simply form a dome over themselves. In leaf tobacco the 

 pupal cells have no definite shape. 



After the lai^a has confined itself within the pupal cell, it 

 remains quiet for a period of from two to five days; it then 

 shortens somewhat, molts, and the pupa results. 



Pupa. — The pupa (Plate I, figs. 3 and 4) is of a whitish or 

 cream color turning to brownish pink a short time before the 

 emergence of the adult. The eyes are black and the mandibles 

 brown. Upon emerging, the adult is very soft and pale brown- 

 ish pink. It remains in the pupal cell about four days, during 

 which time it hardens and the color changes to dark brown, 

 after which it gnaws its way out. Laboratory experiments show 

 that the minimum time spent in the pupal cell from the time it 

 is formed by the larva until the adult emerges is eleven, the 

 maximum fourteen, and the average 12.5 days. 



Adult. — The adult beetles (Plate I, figs. 6 and 7) are small, 

 brownish in color, and vary greatly in size ; the latter is undoubt- 

 edly due to the quantity of food obtained by the larva. In every 

 case it was observed that beetles obtained from the high-grade, 

 selected cigars were about twice the size of those obtained from 

 bales of lower grade tobacco. This shows plainly that the size 

 of the adult is influenced by the quality of food eaten by the larva. 



The adults are very lively and at almost any time can be found 

 running about promiscuously upon the walls, vdndows, and 

 furnitures of warehouses and tobacco factories. They fly freely 

 in the early evening and during the night. They rest with head 



