202 The Philippine Journal of Science isis 



granted under the terms of contracts made with house owners 

 than now, although defaulters in payment were treated with 

 like severity. The price of water (about 4 centavos of the 

 present coinage a cubic meter), with a reduction for a larger 

 quantity, was slightly less (the price is now 5 centavos) , although 

 the Spaniards had a curious arrangement under which it was 

 estimated that each day a native servant would use 25 liters, 

 a member of the family or a European 50, a horse 80, while 40 

 liters were allowed for a 2- or 4-wheeled carriage, and 2 liters 

 for each square foot of garden. The meter used was called 

 the Kennedy meter, and was purchased from Tylor and Sons, of 

 Loughborough, England."** 



The two pumps were in position on October 1, 1883, and the 

 first test was made after they had been at work for over a year 

 in November, 1884. Under this test, one of the pumps was 

 kept continuously at work for twenty-four hours, the othex for 

 seventy-two hours, with from 16 to 22 revolutions a minute, 

 and a pressure of 54 to 60 pounds to the square inch."'' The 

 coal used not only for this test, but also on other occasions, always 

 came from South Wales (Cardiff) or Australia. Native (Cebu) 

 or Japanese coal was always declared to be expensive or too 

 wasteful.^^" 



An experiment with the Japanese coal brought from the Rana- 

 loza colliery showed that, although it was 3.3 per cent cheaper 

 than Australian coal, 10 per cent more was consumed, and it 

 was also more moist and dirty, and produced more ash."^ 



The price of coal, which was bought by public contract in 

 lots of from 200 tons upward, varied from 10.78 pesos to 15 pesos 

 a ton, with an extra peso for haulage to the Deposito.^^^ 



The cost of upkeep, as originally calculated by Palacios, was 

 58,113 pesos, and the expenditure kept within the estimate, al- 

 though the appropriation did not allow for any extensive develop- 

 ments. In 1885, a radical change was made in the arrangement 

 by the resignation of Palacios, owing to friction with the author- 



"* Cartas del Corregimiento de Manila (Nov. 20, 1885) ; Expediente 

 economico (1872-76), 267-270. 



"" Actas de recepcion de las maquinas elevatorias (1883); Appendix 

 (Nov. 7, 1884). 



""Actas de Carriedo (Dec. 27, 1895). 



*"76id. (Sept. 21, Dec. 6, 1888). 



"- For the current prices in various years, cf. Actas de Carriedo (April 

 15, 1884); (Nov. 17, 26, 1886); (March 20, 1888), (April 7, 1889); (Feb. 

 21, 1890) ; (Feb. 25, 1892) ; (Jan. 11, 1893) ; (May 24, 1895) ; (Feb. 11, 

 1896); and (April 11, 1897). 



