208 



The Philippine Journal of Science 



191S 



a new system as soon as it was possible. Work was conse- 

 quently commenced in 1903, and the new system opened on 

 November 12, 1908. Water is now brought from an almost 

 virgin watershed of 100 square miles in area, whence it is 

 carried to a storage reservoir at Montalban capable of holding 

 210 million gallons (United States measurement), and thence 

 to two distributing reservoirs at San Juan del Monte, one of 

 which, 90 feet (about 27 meters) above sea level, can hold 18 

 million and the other, at 111 feet (about 35 meters), 54 million 

 gallons. 



This system is only barely adequate to the new demands of 

 the city of Manila, and the remarkable increase in the water 

 service will be shown by the following comparison from a pri- 

 vate memorandum dated April 20, 1887, and from a calculation 

 based on the service of the year 1910-11. "'' 



Date. 



Length of 

 pipe line. 



Public 

 hydrants. 



Public 

 foun- 

 tains. 



Hydrants 

 for fire 



and 

 street 

 sprin- 

 kling. 



Services in opera- 

 tion — 



Free. 



By pay- 

 ment. 



1887 

 1912 



Meters. 



58,361.45 



176,062.89 



408 

 219 



11 

 13 



752 

 618 



«13 

 9 



b82 

 5,722 



» In 1892 this had increased to 32. 



*> In 1895 this had increased to over 800. Actas de Carriedo, May 24, 1895. 



That the American occupation has resulted in the acquisition 



by Manila of a modern system of water supply which would 



do credit to the most progressive twentieth century city does 



not in any way detract from the forethought and wisdom of 



Carriedo, who may still be called the greatest benefactor of 



the city of Manila. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



PRINTED BOOKS 



Armstrong, Edward. Charles the Fifth. London, The Macmillan Com- 

 pany (1896). 



Blair, Emma Helen, and Robertson, James Alexander. The Philippine 

 Islands, 1493-1898. Cleveland, Arthur H. Clark Company (1903-1908), 

 1 to 52. 



Bourne, Edward Gaylord. Historical introduction to The Philippine Is- 

 lands, 1493-1898. Cleveland, Arthur H. Clark Company (1907). (This 

 may also be found in Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands, 1493- 

 1898 (1903), 1, 19-87. 



"' I am indebted for this calculation to the courtesy of Mr. Abraham 

 Gideon, Chief of the Department of Sewers and Waterworks Construction, 

 Manila. 



