456 



The Philippine Journal of Science 



1913 



has a somewhat longer face, straight nose with nostrils opening 

 downward, and modified Alpine ear that has qualities of the 

 Iberian type A in the absence of lobule and somewhat everted 

 concha, and of the Primitive in the rolled-in helix, denoting 

 a mixed type. In a former study of the Benguet, Lepanto, and 

 Bontoc Igorots three types were selected and entitled M, A, and 

 N, which may now be designated as the Iberian, Australoid, 

 and Primitive, respectively. The three types may also be seg- 

 regated by the examination of photographs using descriptions 

 as an aid in their interpretation as in the previous study. 



THE BENGUET IGOROTS 



Two characteristics of the Benguet Igorots are the prettiness 

 of the women and the ugliness of the men. Three pretty girls 

 may be seen, one in Plate I, fig. 8, the others in Plate III, figs. 

 1 and 2. Benguet men are shown in Plate II, figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 

 and 6. The men of figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 are modified Primitive 

 in type as may be seen by their ears and physiognomy. The 

 Iberian type is present in Benguet, modified in form, but dis- 

 tinctly European in physiognomy, as illustrated by fig. 6. The 

 high head and long face, the moderately high nose — ^not broad 

 and flat — ^the nostrils opening downward, and the ears with- 

 out lobule and with everted concha and somewhat rolled-out 

 helix stamp this man with Iberian characteristics. The accom- 

 panying fig. 5 of a younger man is distinctly modified Primitive 

 in type, with broader head, shorter face, wider nose, and bowl- 

 shaped ears. Evidence favors the view that the Benguet Igo- 

 rots are more Primitive than those of Bontoc, which points to 

 an infiltration into Benguet from the lowlands; Bontoc, being 

 more inaccessible, has retained to a greater extent the earlier 

 elements of the Iberian type that came from Europe, probably 

 through India, in prehistoric times; or else there has been a 

 migration into Bontoc of Iberians who did not reach Benguet. 

 Evidence of the Indian Iberian is not lacking throughout the 

 Philippines, a large part of the Iberian element having come in 

 the early settling of the Philippines by Hindu Malays. The 

 Iberian and the Primitive occur among all the Filipinos. 



THE TINGIANS 



Adjoining the Igorots on the west, and separating them from 

 the Ilocanos of the coast, are the Tingians who are modified 

 Iberian to some extent, as may be seen in Plate III, fig. 3, and 



