viu, D.6 Bean: Inland Tnbes of Luzon and Mmdanao 457 



Plate IV, figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, The women are pleasing in ap- 

 pearance, and the Tingian men are not unattractive. Their 

 physiognomy is distinctive and different from that of the Ibe- 

 rians of Bontoc and Benguet. The Bontoe Iberians are purer 

 in type, the Benguet Iberians are the least pure, and the Tin- 

 gians are intermediate, each having a characteristic form that 

 appears to have become somewhat stable and fixed as a type that 

 can be differentiated. Endogomy and differences in the relative 

 proportion of the type to start with have been largely influential 

 in producing the differences, but habits and conditions have also 

 played a part in molding the three groups in different directions. 



THE KALINGAS 



Turning next to the Kalingas, who live to the north of the three 

 groups, another distinct modified Iberian type is encountered, 

 different from, and purer than, any of the preceding. The man 

 of Plate II, figs. 7 and 8, and the man of Plate V, fig. 1, represent 

 them well, and the man of Plate V, fig. 2, is another representa- 

 tive member of the tribe although somewhat mixed in type. They 

 have the wide open eyes of the East Indian, not shown well 

 except in Plate V, fig. 1, and this, coupled with the relative 

 purity of the Iberian type, indicates that they represent at least 

 in part a remnant of that early East Indian element that must 

 have entered the Philippines, and the type is purer here than 

 elsewhere. 



THE Hi-UGAOS 



The Ifugaos who are south of the Kalingas and east of the 

 other Igorots also have some of this Iberian element, as indicated 

 by the woman of Plate IV, figs. 5 and 6, who is placed beside the 

 Primitive Australoid Mangyan woman (figs. 7 and 8) for com- 

 parison and contrast. The Mangyans are largely of the Ibe- 

 rian types and probably of East Indian origin, as demonstrated 

 in a previous study, but there is also the Negrito element in 

 the interior, and the Primitive is present as well. Throughout 

 the Archipelago these three types are fundamental — ^the Primi- 

 tive, the Australoid, and the Iberian — with the Iberian pre- 

 dominant in local areas. 



MINDANAO 



Passing from Mindoro we may go to Mindanao, and in doing 

 so we cross the Visayan Islands, the middle group of the Archi- 

 pelago, between the two large islands, Luzon in the north, and 



