460 '^^^ Philippine Journal of Science i9i3 



Three distinct migrations from Europe are evident from the 

 three modified Iberian forms; one from Europe direct, without 

 mingling with intervening peoples, as represented by the almost 

 pure European types in the heart of Luzon and Mindanao; one 

 by way of India in which the types are the Indian and the 

 so-called Malay; and one from Arabia and north Africa, the 

 Mohammedan of history. There is also evidence among the Ilon- 

 gots of another European element migrating through Siberia, 

 possibly through China, and also from Japan, The Australoid 

 type may antedate the Negritos, it may have resulted from 

 them by crossing with other types, or it may have been brought 

 in with the other types in the mingling migrations of the 

 Europeans. The Primitive type is probably oriental in origin, 

 although I have seen modified Primitive Europeans. _ 



There have been waves and waves of migration, which have 

 apparently come largely from the south, and each succeeding 

 wave finds the drift of the preceding one and in receding leaves 

 its own, sometimes penetrating farther than its predecessor, 

 sometimes falling short and retiring before having reached the 

 remaining portions of previous waves. A crescent would re- 

 present the form of the wave, the center advancing farther 

 than the sides. Three crescents might be placed across the 

 Archipelago to represent the three European migrations: The 

 first would center in northern Luzon about the Ilongots, rep- 

 resenting the purest European types, the crest of the wave 

 having crossed central Mindanao, leaving traces among the Su- 

 banuns; the second crescent would cross the Island of Mindoro, 

 but would have an eddy or advance point among the Kalingas 

 and Bontoc Igorots; the third has its center in Sulu. The Mo- 

 hammedan crescent advanced farther northward, but receded 

 to Sulu when the Spaniards came. 



The fields of greatest hopefulness for results in research, now 

 as heretofore, are the interior of Luzon and the interior of 

 Mindanao. 



I have touched only the outskirts of the problem that con- 

 fronts the racial anatomist in the Philippines, and whatever 

 I have done ie suggestive rather than conclusive. 



I 



