PHOSPHORUS STARVATION :' II. 101 



analysis. Sugar 50 respectively 100 grams, rice 300 (250), bread 300 (250), 

 and coffee 300 cubic centimeters were freshly weighed or measured each day. The 

 rice was all from the same stock and an average sample of it was taken for 

 analysis. Samples of the bread weighing 50 to 100 grams were taken every second 

 day and preserved in formalin. All the samples were finally dried, weighed again, 

 mixed and finely powdered. Coffee secured on several days was mixed and 

 also analyzed. The sugar was fairly pure, and no analyses were necessary. 

 The darac or rice husk from the polishing process, which was used in the second 

 period, was heated to 100° for twenty-four hours to destroy organisms which 

 are always present. Four parts, of 75 grams each, were weighed out and a 

 sample was taken at the same time for analysis. In calculating the amount 

 of the darac which it was necessary to add, we regarded the bread and rice 

 given in total as "white rice;" and corrected for both, by addition of the bran 

 to "red rice;" 50 grams of bread and 50 grams of rice being replaced by 75 

 grams darac, and, in order to equalize the calories which had been removed from 

 the diet, we increased the sugar ration from 50 to 100 grams. The man received 

 three meals a day: Breakfast at 7 a. m.,' bread, coffee and sugar; luncheon, 

 11.30 a. m., rice and fish, with salt ad libitum; supper, 5 p. to.., bread slightly 

 toasted, coffee, sugar. 



The experiment was carried on without difficulty. The unsuccessful 

 days of the first and second period were sufficient to train the man 

 and his attendants carefully to collect the urine and faeces, and to 

 consume completely the food given; so, for example, he removed all 

 remaining particles by licking the plates. 



The urine was placed in a pear-shaped receptacle and then poured into a 

 stoppered bottle containing 20 cubic centimeters diluted formalin. In later 

 experiments the urine was preserved with thymol, formalin giving a certain 

 amount of precipitate which made it difficult thoroughly to mix the urine for 

 analysis. Urine was collected every twenty-four hours, from 8 a. m. to 8 a. m., 

 the total quantity was measured and a known fraction was preserved. In sub- 

 sequent experiments the quantity was measured, and, by the addition of water, 

 it was diluted to an even amount, such as 1,500 or 2,000 cubic centimeters, so 

 as to simplify the preparation of the mixed urine. The faeces were deposited 

 in a large museum jar, closed by a glass cover and containing 100 to 150 

 cubic centimeters of formalin, a sufficient quantity to deodorize and preserve the 

 excreta. Not infrequently, more formalin was added on the second or third day, 

 so as better to penetrate the seybala with the antiseptic. This method, while 

 it does not permit the determination of the total quantity of fresh faeces, proved 

 to be very satisfactory under the present conditions, where the laboratory and 

 the experimental subject were so great a distance apart. 



The faeces for each period were marked off by carmine, a method which, except 

 in a few instances, gave very satisfactory limitations. An aliquot portion of the 

 urines (one-tenth of the daily amount) from each period was mixed, provided 

 the analysis of an individual urine was not demanded for special reasons. 



The total amount of faeces plus water and formalin was determined for each 

 period by weight, and as large a fraction as possible (one-half to two-thirds of 

 the total amount) was dried in a weighed porcelain dish, under addition of 

 sulphuric acid, on a steam bath. The drying process was finished in a steam- 

 heated vacuum-drying apparatus, then the dish with the faeces was exposed to 

 the air for one day, the quantity of air-dried material determined and then 



