DISCUSSION. 343 



Where in the United States is the Necator prevalent, and what is the 

 cause of this prevalence? It would be of interest to know the name of. 

 the variety found in dogs. 



I am afraid my remarks are full of questions. My only excuse is 

 that we delegates are thirsting for information. 



Dr. Paul C. Freer, Director, Bureau of Science, dean, Philippine 

 Medical School, Manila, P. 1 ., president of the Far Eastern Association 

 of Tropical Medicine. — Can any one give us the name of the hookworm 

 in dogs? 



Dr. Richard P. Strong, Chief, Biological Laboratory, professor of tro- 

 pical medicine, Philippine Medical School, Manila, P. I. — The species of 

 hookworm found in the dog is the same species, Agchylostoma trigono* 

 cephalum, which has been described in Europe as giving rise to the 

 pernicious anaemia of hounds. 



Dr. Isaac W. Brewer, Medical Reserve Corps, United States Army. — 

 Has the American form been found. among the Filipinos? 



Dr. W. P. Chamberlain, Major, Medical Corps, United States Army, 

 president of the United States Army Board for the Study of Tropical 

 Diseases as They Occur in the Philippine Islands. — In regard to the 

 last question, all the records that I have seen mention only the Amer- 

 ican hookworm. I have not seen a report of any other. The Amer- 

 ican hookworm was first described by Stiles in 1902 and therefore the 

 Spanish records prior to the American occupation would not show 

 its occurrence. Previous to 1902 all human uncinaria were referred 

 to as the Agchylostomum duodenale. The occurrence of uncinariasis 

 among American soldiers who had never been out of the United States 

 was entirely overlooked until Siler's work in December, 1908. There- 

 fore, the physical examination given in the past to soldiers about to 

 start for tropical , service had not included a search for intestinal para- 

 sites. At the present time it is the practice at some and perhaps 

 at all recruiting stations to examine the stools of recruits at the time of 

 enlistment and treat all whose stools show ova. Practically all of the 

 infected soldiers I have seen were so mildly infected that the condition 

 would be entirely unsuspected on ordinary physical examination. That 

 the Necator americanus if present among whites, may cause very marked 

 and serious symptoms has been shown by investigations in the Southern 

 States and among natives in Porto Eico. Necator americanus has been 

 found commonly among the Filipinos. 



I suppose, Doctor Castellani, this hookworm is found in Ceylon? 



Doctor Castellani. — "We have both species. 



Doctor Chamberlain. — Has anyone seen Agchylostomum duodenale of 

 late years in the Philippines? 



Doctor Strong. — Both species, Uncinaria duodenale and Necator amer- 

 icanus, are found here. Doctor Garrison has recently identified specimens 

 which are deposited in the museum of the Biological laboratory. I first 



