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RICHMOND AND VIVENCIO DHL KONAKIO. 



as it is thought to preserve such timber from the attacks of insects in 

 addition to possessing decided (Irving properties. Practically all of the 

 oil thus used is prepared and marketed in Manila. There are only a 

 few places in the city where the oil is being expressed and the presses 

 used are of the crudest description, consisting of blocks and wedges. 

 1 would estimate that each mill produces approximately 20 gallons of 

 oil per month. This oil is sold in 5-gallon petroleum cans and brings 

 one peso ($0.50, United States currency) per gallon. 



The cold-pressed oil is of a light,, amber color and of an agreeable 

 odor and taste, but we do not know that it is used as food anywhere in the 

 Philippines, although it is reported to be employed in the adulteration 

 of coconut and olive oils here and elsewhere. However, this may readily 

 be detected by the increased specific gravity of the sophisticated oil, if 

 the adulterant is added to any appreciable extent. 



Mr. Walker, of this laboratory, has worked out an approximate method 

 for detecting its presence in coconut oil by the decreased solubility of 

 the mixture in absolute alcohol, as follows : 



Alcohol used = 0.S025 specific gravity at 15.5° C. =0.7938 specific gravity at 

 26° G.j about 98 per cent by volume. 



Take 10 cubic centimeters oil and 30 cubic centimeters alcohol in a large test 

 tube. Shake well and place in a water bath at about 90° until dissolved. The 

 mixture should be stirred rapidly with a light thermometer to prevent globules 

 of oil from settling to the bottom. Remove from bath and note the temperature 

 at which oil begins to separate. The end point is when the liquid clouds 

 sufficiently so that the thermometer can not be read when it is in the center 

 of the tube. 



Table I. — Test -for tumbling oil in coconut oil. 



1 Coconut 

 oil. 



Lumbang 

 oil. 



Tempera- 

 ture. 



Cubic cm. 



Cubic cm. 



C. 



10 







41 



9 



1 



44 



8 



2 



47 



7 



3 



50 



6 



4 



54 



5 



5 



56 



4 



6 



59 



3 



7 



62 



2 



8 



61 



1 



9 



67 



o 



10 



69 ; 



This table gives only a rough approximation of the percentage of adulteration. 

 A very pure, fresh coconut oil may read 44° C. or higher, but it may easily be 

 distinguished from an adulterated oil by its light color, pleasant taste and 

 odor. Another sample of lumbang examined read 79° C. which indicates that 

 comparatively large variations from this table may be expected. 



