THE ALCOHOL INDUSTRY OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Ill. 113 
A remarkable number of trees, in fact whole groves of them, 
are found in the vicinity of the town of Tudela, Simulao River, 
Agusan Valley. I think that there can hardly be less than 
5,000 trees in that one locality.?® 
TUNGGANG (MANOBO AND MANDAYA). 
Tunggang is the sap of the baht (fish tail) palm extracted in 
the same way as coconut tuba. It is a drink little used for the 
reason that the taste and smell are unpleasant. However, it is 
not unwholesome. I never saw it used by any tribe in the 
Agusan Valley except the Manobos, and then only in the absence 
of other beverages. It was reported to me by Manobos living 
near the headwaters of the Maug River that the Mamanua®* tap 
the bahi palm oceasionally, but it is a custom acquired, I pre- 
sume, from the Manobos with whom they intermarry, at least in 
the district at the headwaters of the river that empties into the 
Pacific Ocean at the town of Tago, eastern Mindanao. 
THE SAP OF THE SUGAR-CANE. 
This drink came under my observation only once, but, on 
inquiry, I have been informed by several Bisayas that the 
method is known and practised in places other than that in 
which it was witnessed by me.*? 
The species of sugar-cane that was used was a very large 
variety growing to a height of about 8 meters. It had a large, 
green stem and long joints, and was propped up on a dead tree. 
The process of extracting the juice, as described to me, was 
as follows: 
A little soil is placed around one of the joints a few feet above the 
ground. When the joint has thrown forth roots; the stem is cut below 
these roots and the portion of soil in which they grow. The sap then 
begins to trickle out slowly. I tasted the fresh sap and found it to be 
very similar to sugar-cane juice, but with much more of a snap to it. 
At the time, I did not observe the process of extraction closely and I have 
never had occasion to witness it since. 
SAP OF THE NIPA OR SANI PALM, CALLED PU-AG. 
This is used principally in seacoast settlements. It is obtained 
by tapping the fruit stem of the palm. The process consists 
[For a full account of the cabonegro or sugar palm see Part I of this 
paper. H. D. G.] 
* Negritos inhabiting the Eastern Cordillera of Mindanao from Surigao 
to Lianga. 
“ The place referred to is a Bisaya settlement midway between the towns 
of Tago and La Paz, eastern Mindanao. 
