PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. PARTS IV, Vv. 15] 
obscures this, as is shown by Table XLI, which gives the results 
obtained with seasoned, sound, rotary- and set-kiln products 
made at the same factory and from the same mixture of raw 
materials. 
TABLE XL.—A classification of various hydraulic cements found in the 
typical set-kiln products. 
4 Hardening 
No. Source. a Aden sified) Classification. Ree ae Remarks. 
constituents. 
1 | Thorough- | Various high | Mostly fused | Colloidal____| The constant presence 
ly fused temperature Portland ce- of water is essential 
clinker. fusion prod- ment. Some to the greatest devel- 
ucts. No free slag from fuel opment of strength. 
lime. contamination. 
2|H ar d-| Various high] Typical well- |_____ dopese The constant presence 
burned temperature burned rotary of water is essential 
clinker fusion prod- cement. Most- 4 to the greatest devel- 
(chief ucts. A little ly fused Port- opment of strength. 
constit- sintered free land cement The evil effects of the 
uent). lime. burned atahigh small amount of slow- 
temperature. slaking free lime is 
usually not apparent 
to the eye. 
8 | Slightly un- | Various low tem- | Typical over- |____- do ..---- The poor strength de- 
derburned perature fusion burned Roman rived from the low 
clinker. products and cement. Most- temperature fusion 
considera- ly fused Port- products is further 
ble sintered land cement reduced by the in- 
lime. burned at a low jurious effects of the 
temperature. comparatively large 
quantity of slow-slak- 
ing lime. 
4|Under -| Nonsinteredlime, | Typical artificial | Pozzuolane. | A higher strength is at- 
burned weak fusion Roman cement Lime tained in air than in 
clinker. products, and and hydraulic mortar. water. The quick 
econsidera- lime. slaking properties 
ble pozzuolane make the free lime 
material. much less injurious 
than when sintered. 
5 | Nonsintered | Nonsinteredlime, | Typical of arti- |____- dose The lime mortar hard- 
raw meal. dehydrated ficial pozzuo- ens only in the air. 
clay, and inert lane cement. The pozzuolane ce- 
calcium carbo- ment requires con- 
nate. stant or continuous 
moisture for per- 
manency in air. 
112232——2 
