260 FANNING. 
ing of words. The population centers in a few towns favorably 
situated along the rivers, and is increasing as would be expected 
in a sparsely settled region rich in agricultural possibilities. 
The municipality of Alaminos, which is the largest in the area, 
has a population of about 5,000 people. Anda, Bani, Sual, Dasol, 
Balincaguin, Agno, San Isidro, and Bolinao contain about 1,000 
people each, and the remainder of the area is uninhabited except 
for a few scattered houses. 
Cultivation.—Cultivation is entirely confined to the river 
valleys, especially the broad, flat flood-plain of the Alaminos- 
Bani Rivers, where the ground permits of the construction of 
large stretches of rice paddies. The usual clumps of coconut 
trees are seen, but these are cultivated on a scale barely sufficient 
to supply the local demand for nuts. Some tobacco is grown, 
but not nearly equal in amount to the local consumption. 
The forests of Zambales spread northward into the southern 
part of the area, but the major part of the region is unforested. 
Sufficient mangrove fire-wood is cut near the seacoast to supply 
the local demand. A heavy growth of cogon? and talahib* 
grasses is generally found except in the cultivated valleys, and 
each year the natives burn this off for pleasure and to make travel 
easy. This custom is undoubtedly one of the reasons for the 
general absence of trees.‘ 
LIiterature.—Roth* quotes Callery as stating that limestones 
exist in the area. This is the only known reference to the 
geology of the region. During the insurrection of 1898, the cam- 
paign was carried into the area and probably some United 
States Army records are in existence stating the general phys- 
iographic features of the country. The Coast and Geodetic Sur- 
vey has published maps, numbers 4712 and 4209, in which the 
coast line is accurately plotted, but the locations given for some 
of the principal cities, rivers, and roads are in error. 
GENERAL GEOLOGY.*® 
The rocks of the region comprise a basal igneous formation, 
later sedimentaries, alluvials, and coral. The field work was 
of such short duration and general character as would not permit 
of detailed study. 
* Imperata cylindrica Beauv. 
* Saccharum spontaneum L. 
“Merrill, This Journal, Sec. C (1912), 7, 150. 
* Roth, Justus. Ueber die geologische Beschaffenheit der Philippinen. 
In Jagor’s Reisen in den Philippinen (1873), 340. 
* Petrography by F. T. Eddinefield. 
