398 COX, REIBLING, AND REYES. 
prevent easy quarrying. The burning and slaking of lime and 
its incorporation into sand are apparently simple operations; 
however, in reality, they involve complicated financial and tech- 
nical considerations which are almost entirely ignored in local 
practises. The Filipinos manufacture on a small scale a very 
poor lime from seashells. They burn with wood or sawdust, 
and the analysis given in Table IV is typical of the poor quality 
produced. 
TABLE IV.—Analysis of burned shell taken from a Gagalangin lime kiln 
near Manila. - 
Constituent. Per cent. 
Total calcium oxide (CaO) 61.4 
Carbon dioxide (CO:) 14.5 
Clay, sand, etc. 24.1 
Total 100.0 
Calcium carbonate* (CaCO:) 32.9 
Calcium oxide in calcium carbonate (CaO 
as CaCO:) 18.4 
Total impurities (CaCO; + sand, clay, etc.) 57.0 
Available lime* (CaO) 43.0 
4 Calculated. 
Lime in small quantities is also manufactured from lime 
rock, but it usually contains at least 40 per cent of underburned 
material. The only first-class lime which can be purchased in 
the local markets is that which has been imported from Hong- 
kong or other foreign ports.1: The prospective manufacturer 
should burn his own lime, and supply as well the demand for 
this material throughout the Islands. 
The location of the raw materials with respect to the market 
and the transportation rates are considerations of great im- 
portance. The sand or crushed stone constitutes about nine- 
tenths of the finished product, and, taking into account only 
the cost of transportation, the relative importance of the loca- 
tion of the limestone, sand, and market, with respect to the plant 
may be represented by the figures 1, 9, and 10 respectively. 
The cost of transportation will be reduced to the lowest figure 
if the location of the distributing market and silica and limestone 
deposits coincide. Otherwise, the location of the sand with re- 
spect to the market is much more important than that of the 
limestone. The plant should be located as near the distributing 
center as is practicable. 
“Recent imports of slaked lime from Hongkong showed a purity of 
about 85 per cent. 
