390 GIBBS, AGCAOILI, AND SHILLING. 
the fish are placed. Eight or ten baskets are placed one above 
the other and the smoke passes through all. The baskets are 
continually shifted from the bottom to the top at about five- 
minute intervals, and at the end of each circuit the fishes are 
turned over. 
The species of fishes usually employed are Anchovia commer- 
soniana (Lacépéde), anchovy (English), dilis (Tagalog) ; Leiog- 
nathus splendens (Cuv.), slip mouth (English), sapsap (Taga- 
log) ; the young of Harengula moluccensis Bleeker, H. gibbosa 
Bieeker, herring (English), silizasi (Tagalog), aber (Ilocano) ; 
family Trichiuride, band fish (English), espada (Spanish), 
bolong onas (Ilocano) ; family Heemulide, grunt family (Eng- 
lish), bakuku (Tagalog) ; and others. 
Dilis are usually washed and dried in the sun for about two 
days. Sapsap and espada are usually prepared and sold as tuyu. 
Silifasi are usually made into tinapa. 
Analyses of various samples obtained in and around Manila 
are as follows: 
TABLE VII.—Analyses of dried fish. 
| 3 a 1 
Co eee! g Ss eel 
Character of an i) Og 3. os | 
aiet Sel 5 23 - | os gf Remarks. 
gf| a | = 3 | Ae er zg 
BS eae oi CS. |) cl ee 
4)/e/6 a es < n 
| | Grms| Grms. | Per ct. |Per ct.| Per ct.| Per ct.| Per ct. 
Bakuku and 
| sapsap --__| 16] 101 6.85 | 68.57] 5.74} 35.00] 26.76; 12.08} The high ash is 
| | | caused by sea sand 
| and by the bony 
| character of the 
| | fish. 
Pilisseseees 57 35 0.62 | 74.71] 6.52 | 35.90] 29.42 | 1.24! Ash contains much 
I sand from drying 
| the fish on the 
| | | beach. 
Espada ______ 3 | 152 | 50.67] 62.04] 4.28] 33.69| 23.53 | 15.21 Do. 
Binapa\enees | eed 88 | 12.57] 48.98] 4.87} 28.00] 10.18 | 3.92 | Smoked fish. 
| yal eee 6 57 9.50 | 55.10} 7.57} 30.68 16.24) 12.40 | Sun-dried fish. 
BALUT. 
The Tagalog word balut means to wrap into a bundle and it 
also refers to a half-hatched egg. The connection between the 
two is explained by the idea that the half-developed chick is still 
enclosed in a membrane or wrapped in a bundle.° In various 
* We are indebted to Mr. Epifanio Santos, treasurer of the Province of 
Bulacan, for much information. 
