PHILIPPINE CITRUS-FRUITS. 405 
described by Blanco as Citrus reticulata. (Plate IV, fig. 1.) It 
is the orange commonly found in the Manila market, and is 
grown to the greatest extent in the Province of Batangas. 
Cruz‘ of the Bureau of Agriculture estimated, in 1909, that 
of the 10;017,800 oranges grown on 871 hectares in the Philip- 
pine Islands, Batangas Province produced 6,211,500 oranges 
from 547 hectares. 
Mr. Higgins, president of the Manila Railroad Company, 
estimates shipments from Batangas Province for the past three 
years as follows: 
Caleulated num- 
Year. Tons. ber of oranges. 
1909 726 5,260,000 
1910 8,000 58,000,000 
1911 427 3,000,000 
The low figures for 1909 are accounted for by the fact that 
this branch of the railroad was built in this year, prior to which 
large shipments were made by other means of land transpor- 
tation (Plate III) and by water, and in 1911 by the great injury 
which the crop suffered from the ejecta from Taal Volcano,’ a 
severe eruption of which occurred in January 30, 1911. 
The crop for 1912, which is now coming into the market, gives 
every promise of being large, and the Manila Railroad Company 
anticipates a greater tonnage than in 1910, due in a large measure 
to the fact that their Batangas line is completed to the terminus. 
Tanauan station has so far furnished the greatest tonnage. 
On August 9, 1912, one of us with Mr. E. D. Merrill, of this 
Bureau, made a trip of inspection through the orange groves 
of Batangas Province in the neighborhood of Santo Tomas and 
Tanauan. We found that the existing extensive groves were 
in very poor condition. The trees are planted too close to pro- 
duce the best results, and apparently no attempt is made to prune 
or otherwise improve them. Cultivation is not followed to any 
extent, and consequently the general appearance of the orchards 
is unkempt and many are overgrown with bushes, which ap- 
parently are cut every year or two. (Plate I, figs. 1 and 2.) 
In young orchards cultivation between the rows of trees is fol- 
lowed, for growing corn or other crops. 
*Phil. Agr. Rev. (1909), 2, 311. 
* Pratt, This Journal, Sec. A (1911), 6, 63; Worcester, Nat. Geog. Mag. 
(1912), 23, 313. 
