244 University of California Publications in Zoology [Vol. 13 



Page 



Order Rheiformes 288 



Order Casuariiformes 290 



Order Apterygiformes 293 



Carinatae 296 



Order Sphenisciformes 296 



Order Colymbiformes 298 



Order Procellariiformes 302 



Order Ciconiiformes 307 



Suborder Steganopodes 307 



Suborder Ciconiae 318 



Suborder Ardeae 321 



Suborder Phoenicopteri 325 



Order Anseriformes 327 



Suborder Anseres 327 



Suborder Palamedeae 330 



Order Falconiformes 331 



Suborder Cathartae < 331 



Suborder Gypogerani 333 



Suborder Accipitres 334 



Order Galliformes , 337 



Suborder Galli 338 



Suborder TAirnices 343 



Order Crypturiformes 345 



Order Gruiformes 348 



Order Charadriiformes 354 



Suborder Laro-limicolae 354 



Suborder Pteroclo-columbae 358 



Order Cuculiformes 363 



Order Coraciiformes 368 



Order Passeriformes 380 



General conclusions - 385 



Taxonomic value of the structure of feathers 385 



Principal modifications of structure useful in taxonomy 386 



Relationships of groups suggested or corroborated 387 



The phylogenesis of birds as modified by morphology of feathers.— 390 

 Bibliography 392 



INTRODUCTION 



I. Object and Scope op Paper 



Although as a class birds have received more attention from 

 nearly all classes of zoologists than any other group of vertebrate 

 animals, their natural classification presents a great many problems 

 difficult of solution, and no satisfactory phylogenetic arrangement 

 has yet been devised for them. It was with the hope of throwing 

 light on some of the dark places in the taxonomy of birds that the 

 writer attempted the work, the results of which are presented in this 



