Chandler: Structure of Feathers 

 pen. 



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253 



"- - internod. ^^' 



Fig. F. Diagrammatic downy barbule. Abbreviations: attach., attachment 

 with barb; &., base; internod,., internode; nod., node; pen., pennu- 

 lum; pr., prongs; vil., villi. 



Vanule (fig. B). a new term here used to designate collectively all the 

 barbules of either the distal or the proximal series, bearing the same 

 relation to the barb that the vane bears to the feather plate. Hitherto 

 referred to only as the "vane" of the barb. 



Base (figs. D, E and F). The proximal portion of a barbule, which is 

 more or less lamelliform; in distal barbules the portion proximal to 

 the booklet cells, in proximal barbules the portion proximal to the 

 bend occurring just beyond the ventral teeth, and in down barbules 

 the short flattened portion at the junction with the ramus. Synonym: 

 lamella (Newton, 1899). Otherwise referred to only by descriptive 

 phrases. German synonym: Anfangsteil (Mascha, 1904). 



Pennulum (figs. D, E and F). A new term here used to designate the 

 more or less attenuated distal portion of a barbule, bearing the hook- 

 lets and cilia, or, in the case of down, the nodes. Synonym: tip (Chand- 

 ler, 1914). Otherwise referred to only by descriptive phrases. German 

 synonym: Endteil (Mascha, 1904). 



Flange (fig. D and E). The thickened dorsal edge of the bases of pen- 

 naceous barbules, generally recurved in proximal barbules, and fre- 

 quently so in distal barbules also (Wray, 1887). Synonym: recurved 

 margin (Strong, 1902), and other descriptive phrases. German syno- 

 nym: Rinne (Mascha, 1904). 



DoKSAL Spines (fig. E). Recurved spines on the flange of proximal bar- 

 bules, opposite the ventral teeth. Synonym,: toothlike processes 

 (Mascha, 1905). German synonym: Zahnforsatze (Mascha, 1904). 



Baebicels (figs. D and E). Outgrowths of the cells of the linear series form- 

 ing pennaceous barbules, usually projections from the anterior dorsal 

 or ventral corners of the cells. Used by Nitzsch (1867) and Pycraft 

 (1893) to designate cilia only, but more commonly used in the broader 

 sense here accepted. Synonym: cilia (sometimes used in this broad 

 sense). German synonyms: Hakchen, Wimpern, of general use. 



HooKLETS (fig. D). Ventral barbicels which are strongly hooked at the 

 tip, occurring only on the proximal portion of the pennulum of distal 

 barbules. Hooklet-bearing cells never possess dorsal barbicels. German 

 synonym: Hakchen, (Gadow, 1891; Nitzsch, 1867); Haken (Mascha, 

 1904). 



Cilia (fig. D). Pennular barbicels, dorsal or ventral, occurring on distal 

 barbules distal to the booklets, and often on proximal barbules of the 

 outer vane of highly developed feathers. German synonym: Wimpern 

 (Nitzsch, 1867; Mascha, 1904); Hakchen (Studer, 1878). 



