322 University of California Publications in Zoolocj]/ fVoi,. 13 



subtriangular lobe; pennulum with very characteristic form, differ- 

 ing considerably from those of Ciconiae, though approached in 

 Leptoptiltis; booklets similar to those of Ciconiae, but normally 

 only 5 in number, followed by 3 or 4 steadily diminishing ventral 

 cilia, beyond which the pennulum is greatly elongated, rather 

 slender, and totally unbar bicelled ; 2 basal dorsal cilia developed 

 as characteristic stout spines very closely approximated to each 

 other, third dorsal cilium a short spine, and all the rest unde- 

 veloped. Proximal harhules (pi. 20, fig. 20&) with base of moderate 

 size, about 0.5 by 0.05 mm., with short, inconspicuous ventral 

 teeth ; pennulum only a little shorter than base, slightly flattened 

 proximally, but soon tapering to a very fine slender filamentous tip. 



Outer vane. — Distal harhules (pi. 20, fig. 20c) with pennulum 

 somewhat shorter and stouter than in inner vane, usually 6 booklets, 

 no dorsal cilia, and a large number of short, blunt ventral cilia. 

 Proximal harhules (pi. 20, fig. 20d) differ from those of inner 

 vane only in having a somewhat shorter pennulum; no ventral cilia 

 ever developed. 



(2) other Feathers 



Inner scapular feathers with distal barbules (pi. 20, fig. 20e) 

 somewhat like those of distals of outer vane of remiges, but both 

 base and pennulum more elongated, pennulum also stouter, more 

 like ciconiid type, with short, broad, and very blunt ventral cilia 

 somewhat resembling ventral teeth ; pigment irregularly distributed, 

 being dense in base, but very light or absent in pennulum. 

 Proximal barbules of scapulars (pi. 20, fig. 20/) differ from those of 

 outer vane of remiges only in more elongate and relatively slender 

 form. Blunt ventral cilia of distals of outer vane slightly more 

 numerous and better developed, otherwise vanes alike. Elongated 

 tips of these feathers produced by an elongation of the slender shaft 

 accompanied by a number of greatly elongated barbs lying so closely 

 appressed, and attached to shaft at such long intervals, as to lie paral- 

 lel with shaft. These elongated barbs are furnished with distal and 

 proximal barbules only slightly reduced, so that they interlock fairl}^ 

 well. On account of change in angle of insertion of more distal barbs, 

 there is too much strain for perfect vane to be maintained, result being 

 a breaking up into elongated groups of barbs, which is very charac- 

 teristic of these feathers. 



On breast feathers also with elongated, ornamental tips, basal 

 portion of feathers has much simplified barbules, and barbs very 

 loose if at all held together. Barbs of ornamental tip better 

 developed with less simplified barbules, the latter resembling those 

 of scapular and back feathers, being short, with well-developed 

 functional booklets. As in back feathers, barbs inserted at wide 

 intervals, and closely appressed to one another so as to form a 

 very narrow, compact tip. 



b) Other Types 



Nycticorax nycticorax differs from Ardea herodias in the struc- 

 ture of its remiges only in the slightly better developed third dorsal 



