326 University of California Publications in Zoology [Vol. 13 



ridge narrow, and without villi on the ventral edge on outer vane. 

 Distal barbules small relative to the proximals, and outnumbering 

 them about two to one ; on inner vane of secondary about 40 distals 

 to 20 proximal barbules per millimeter. 



Inner vane. — Distal barbules (pi. 21, fig. 32a) with ver}^ short 

 base, about 0.2 mm. long by about 0.04 mm. wide ; ventral teeth 

 slender and elongate, much more so than in Ciconiae, but less so 

 than in Anseres ; the pcnnulum relatively short, seldom over 0.3 

 mm., making, with the base, a short barbule ; booklets 5, slender, 

 of moderate length, but progressively longer; ventral cilia long and 

 slender, and not conspicuously curved; dorsal cilia, as a series, 

 well developed, the basal 2 or 3, stout and spiny, the more distal 

 ones more slender. Proximal barbules with base about 0.5 ram. 

 long by 0.055 mm. wide, with a series of about 4 ventral teeth, 

 the proximal two larger and more lobate, the outer ones more 

 slender and pointed. 



Outer vane. — Distal barbules differ mainly in the larger number 

 of booklets, and more conspicuous ventral cilia, and absence of 

 dorsal ones, while in proximals (pi. 21, fig. 32&) the ventral teeth, 

 especially distal ones, become separated from each other, increase 

 in number, and form a series of straight, sharp, ventral barbicels, 

 exactly comparable to those in the outer vane of ducks, as will be 

 seen by comparing plate 21, figure S2b, with plate 21, figure 28/. 



(2) other Feathers. 

 In body feathers barbules merely a simplification of remex type, 

 proximals retaining a series of slender, ventral barbicels, as shoAvn in 

 plate 21, figure 32c, which represents a proximal barbule from loose- 

 vaned scapular feather ; no flexules ever developed. 



(3) Down 

 Down barbules (pi. 35, fig. 102) long and filamentous, with 

 inconspicuous nodes except near tip of pennula, where they are 

 slightly enlarged, and possess small prongs. 



b) Relationships and Summary 



In all of the above details of the minute structure of the feathers 

 the Phoenicopteri agree with the Anseres more closely than with the 

 Ciconiae. 



In all of the following points they agree with the Anseres as 

 opposed to the Ciconiae: (1) general shape and relative size of 

 barbules; (2) form of ventral teeth of both distals and proximals; 

 (3) form of both ventral and dorsal cilia of distals; (4) presence 

 and form of ventral barbicels of outer proximals. 



The chief points of difference are: (1) the smaller number of 

 booklets; (2) the smooth ventral edge of rami of outer vane; (3) 

 form of down. In the first two of these characters they also differ 

 from the Ibididae, with which they are more closely related than 



