1916] Chandler: Structure of Feathers 343 



(4) Distal barbules of remiges short, the bases short with large, 

 thin, lobate ventral teeth, the pennula with a long series of pro- 

 gressively longer booklets, a complete series of curved, inflexible, 

 ventral cilia, and in the inner vane a series of little-specialized, 

 spiny, dorsal cilia. 



(5) Proximal barbules of inner vane with moderate bases with 

 short, pointed, ventral teeth, and with very short pennula. 



(6) Proximals of outer vane, on distal portion of barbs, with a 

 highly developed series of stout, hooked, ventral cilia, sometimes 

 very closely resembling booklets. 



(7) Barbules of body feathers differing from remiges only in 

 simplification of structure, no flexules ever developed. 



(8) Down, where typically developed, with extremely long, 

 slender barbules, with detachable, ringlike structures at the nodes. 



II. Suborder Turnices 

 PL 24, Fig. 48 

 The Hemipodes, or bustard quails, belonging to the two rather 

 divergent genera Turnix and Pedionomus, are small, quail-like ground 

 birds of the southern parts of the Old World. They constitute a 

 rather isolated group whose place in the system of classification 

 has been in considerable doubt. 



a) Turnix leptorana 



(1) Remex 



Feather small, the wing being somewhat reduced in size ; shaft 

 with slight ventral groove ; barb^ not deep, the ventral ridge narrow. 



Inner Vane. — Distal barbules (pi. 24, fig. 48a) small, base about 

 0.2 mm. long by 0.08 mm. wide, tapering conspicuously to ventral 

 teeth, which are relatively smaller than in Gallus, otherwise very 

 similar; nuclei in conspicuously diagonal line. Pennulum distinctly 

 galline in form, slightly longer than base. Hooklets rather short, 

 usually 5 in number. Ventral cilia not well developed except im- 

 mediately distal to hooklets, as in Ardeae, of distinctly galline 

 and not ardeid form, however. Dorsal cilia, except basal two, in 

 form of short prongs as in Galli, but basal two larger and thorn- 

 like in form (pi. 24, fig. 48a). Proximal barbules (pi. 12, fig. 48&) 

 moderately slender, base and ventral teeth as in Galli, pennulum 

 very slender and filamentous, almost equal to base in length. 



Outer vane. — Distal barbules very similar to those of inner vane, 

 but with 6 hooklets, and no dorsal barbicels, and never more than 

 3 well-developed ventral cilia. Proximal barbules of basal and 

 middle parts of barb like those of inner vane, but pennulum much 

 shorter, much as in Galli. Towards tip of barb, ventral cilia devel- 

 oped almost exactly as in Tetraonidae. 



