348 University of California Publications in Zoologij I Vol. 13 



(3) Distal barbules of inner vane of remiges with very short, 

 relatively broad base, with broad, lobate ventral teeth ; penmilum 

 widest immediately beyond booklets, thence tapering in either direc- 

 tion ; booklets excessively numerous, subequal, about 8 in number, 

 only proximal ventral cilia developed, these moderate and more or 

 less appressed, dorsal cilia in shape, relative size, and angle of pro- 

 jection resembling the series of neural spines of dorsal vertebrae 

 of a dog. 



(4) Proximal barbules of inner vane of remiges with base con- 

 cave toward distal side, the recurved dorsal portion replacing the 

 flange in other birds ; pennula fused into a solid outer bar, lying 

 parallel with ramus. 



(5) Distal barbules of outer vane differing from those of inner 

 only in reduction of dorsal cilia ; proximal barbules on over nine- 

 tenths of barb like those of inner vane, with pennula fused into a 

 bar, but on short distal portion free, with well-developed hooked 

 barbicels as in Galli. 



(6) Structure of body feathers a mere simplification of that of 

 remiges, pennula of proximals still fused. 



(7) Down of two types, exactly like that of typical Galli in 

 Calopezus and Nothocercus; closely resembling that of Colunibae in 

 Tinamus and Nothura. 



9. Order GRUIFORMES 

 Plates 26 and 27 

 Constituting a very heterogeneous group of birds whose relation- 

 ship has always been considered more or less doubtful, but affording 

 a convenient resting-place for many birds incertae sedis, the present 

 group shows so many variations among themselves in feather struc- 

 ture, and the different types included approximate so many other 

 groups, that practically no general epiphyologic characters which 

 are common to all can be described. The plumules in some are 

 generally distributed, in others sparse all over, in Otis confined to 

 the apteria. The aftershaft is present, rudimentary, or absent in 

 different species, but never, so far as I have been able to find, with 

 well-developed shaft and distinct vanes. 



a) Grus canadensis 



(1) Remex 

 Shaft about as wide as deep, very rectangular in cross-section 

 except for short distance distal to superior umbilicus ; at superior 



