﻿18 MUSGRAVE. 



process, and special clinical manifestations are due to the involvement of 

 special organs which give rise to such symptoms as cough, haemoptysis, 

 pleuritic pains, diarrhoea and abdominal soreness. The life history of 

 the parasite and the exact mode of infection by it are not known. 



III. XOJIEXCLATURE. 

 A. SYNONYMS. 



The following may be mentioned among the many names by which this 

 disease has been known : Parasitical haemoptysis, parasitic haemoptysis 

 gregarinosis pulmonis, pulmonary distomatosis, pulmonary distomiasis, 

 endemic haemoptysis, and paragonimiasis. Parasitical haemoptysis is the 

 most extensively used of these terms and at the time of its introduction it 

 answered very well^since formerly the distribution of the parasites through- 

 out the body was regarded as limited and it was not known that such 

 extensive infection existed as has recently been described. 



All of these names, except paragonimiasis, are objectionable because 

 none 'of them are accurate, specific or definite, and their number leads to 

 a confusion which can only be overcome by the adoption of a term which 

 fulfills all the requirements of nomenclature. Paragonimiasis is such a 

 name. It is in line with modern nomenclature in parasitic infections 

 and is applicable to all types of the diseases, whether they are found in 

 man or in animals. 



This term was introduced by Stiles and Hassall and has been adopted 

 by Mense in his new Handbook of Tropical Medicine. It is the only 

 name for the infection which will be used in this report and, owing to 

 the extensive distribution of the parasite in man and the consequent 

 logical variation in symptomatology, I shall recognize the following 

 types of the disease in their appropriate places : General paragonimiasis, 

 thoracic or pulmonary paragonimiasis, cerebral paragonimiasis, and ab- 

 dominal paragonimiasis. 



IV. BRIEF HISTORY. 

 ' A. GENERAL. 



Paragonimus westermanii was discovered by Herbert in 1878 in the 

 lungs of a royal Bengal tiger and was by him named Distoma wester- 

 manii. In 1879 Ringer found the parasites in a native of Formosa. 

 Cobbold (1880) named the parasite Distoma ringeri. 



Baelz (1880), who was working in Japan, introduced the name para- 

 sitic hcemoptysis {parasit'dre Mmoptoe) for the disease and discussed the 

 parasite under the designations Gregarina pulmonum and Gregarina 

 fusca; he further used gregarinosis pulmonum as a synonym for the 

 disease. Baelz gave further valuable contributions on the subject in 1883 

 and 1901. In 1883 he adopted the name Distoma pulmonale for the 

 parasite 



