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MUSGRAVE AND RICHMOND. 



Table No." 4. — Showing comparison between human milk analyzed by several authors 

 and the findings in Manila. 



Source. 



Fat. 



Sugar. 



Total 

 proteid. 



Casein. 



Whey 

 proteid. 



Averages given by Rotch 



Averages given by Konig _ _ _ 



3.00-4.00 

 3.80 



4.24 



5.38 

 3.07 



6. 00-7. 00 

 6.20 



6.63 



6.83 



7.98 



1. 00-2. 00 

 2.30 



1.45 



1.45 

 1.29 



0.59 

 1.00 



1.23 

 1.30 



Average from American women in 

 Manila _ 



Average from Filipino women in 

 Manila of — 

 Better class . 







Poor class 













Some of the discrepancies between the analyses of human milks from 

 women of the Tropics and of those given for other countries are usually 

 explained by the difference in diet, and this also partially makes clear 

 the variations due to the racial differences in women living in the Phil- 

 ippine Islands. However, there are other influences such as heredity, 

 nervous temperament, climate, etc., which here play an active part and 

 which must not only be reckoned with in determining what is abnormal 

 in the mother's milk, but also in fixing standards of normality for the 

 infant's requirements with reference to nutrition. For example, accord- 

 ing to our standards the high sugar index and the low fat content found 

 in the breast milk of the native women of the lower classes are too far 

 from the normal to accord with our present conception of tbe physiology 

 of nutrition of the infant and, according to the same standards, they 

 are partly responsible for the gastro-intestinal disturbances and for some 

 of the malnutrition and lack of development of the children of these 

 classes. 



However, it is not at all certain but that our standards of averages may 

 need some adjustment in this respect, and it may be true that the child 

 of parentage which for generations has lived in the Tropics may demand 

 more sugar and less fat than we have been accustomed to recognize as 

 normal. 



(b) OTHER FRESH MILKS. 



1. Fresh cows' milk, because of the dearth of horned animals, due to 

 rinderpest, is very difficult to obtain in any considerable quantity and its 

 price is, and for some years it must remain, prohibitive for most of the 

 people. Adulteration of the available cows' milk is exceedingly common 

 and flagrant; the adulterants consist of carabaos' or goats' milk, canned 

 milks, and often of chalk, limewater and other substances. Bacterio- 

 logical examinations show this milk to be unfit for use. After repeated 

 efforts we were unable to obtain ten samples from the market in order 

 to submit a table of comparative results. 



