﻿TREPONEMA PERTENUIS CASTEULANI OP YAWS. 453 



framboesia and the typical yaws papule developed at the site of inoculation upon 

 August 1. Another monkey {M. cynomolgus) was inoculated September 23 with 

 framboesia, and on October 25 with syphilis. Upon November 8 a typical yaws 

 papule appeared at the site of inoculation, while on November 15 the characteristic 

 syphilitic lesion appeared. 



From their experiments the authors mentioned draw the following conclusions: 



1. Framboesia is inoculable from man to higher and lower apes. 



2. Framboesia is inoculable from ape to ape. 



S. Infection in monkeys following inoculation of the bone marrow proves that . 

 framboesia is a general and not a local disease. 



4- Apes infected with syphilis are susceptible to framboesia. 



Castellani ( 27 ) inoculated four Ceylon monkeys (species not given) with 

 framboesia. Only one of these developed the disease after an incubation period 

 of nineteen days. A small papule, which enlarged slowly and became covered with 

 a crust, developed at the site of inoculation. Two months later, the original 

 papule being still present, four others appeared, two upon the forehead near 

 the first lesion, and two upon the upper lip; one of these papules disappeared in a 

 few days, but the other three enlarged slightly, became moist and a yellowish crust 

 formed over each. At the end of three months all of the lesions had healed. In 

 the scrapings from the lesions, Treponema pertenuis was demonstrated repeatedly. 



Six weeks after the disappearance of the yaws lesions this monkey was 

 inoculated with syphilis, and sixteen days later a typical syphilitic lesion de- 

 veloped, accompanied by general glandular enlargement. 



The positive results obtained by the investigators whose work Ave have 

 briefly reviewed, led us to repeat partially their experiments with a view 

 of determining if the native monkey of the Philippines, Cynomolgus phil- 

 ippinensis Geoff., could be infected with framboesia, and of adding, if 

 possible, something to our knowledge concerning the disease as observed 

 in these animals and the relation of Treponema pertenuis to the lesions 

 produced by experimental inoculation. While our observations can not 

 be considered as completed, we believe the results so far obtained are of 

 interest and should be put upon record. In the main, our work has con- 

 firmed the results of the above mentioned investigators and we believe we 

 are justified in asserting that framboesia is easily inoculable from man 

 to monkeys and that Treponema pertenuis is constantly present in the 

 active experimental lesions and stands in a causal relationship to them. 



Material and methods. — The monkeys used in our experiments were all 

 Cynomolgus philippinensis Geoff., the common native monkey of the Philippine 

 Islands. We have experimented with eleven monkeys, the inoculations in such 

 animals being both by the subcutaneous pocket method and by vaccination, that 

 is, rubbing a little of the yaws serum into slight abrasions upon the skin. The 

 site of inoculation was generally the skin of the abdomen and forehead, but the 

 inside of the thigh was used in inoculating with syphilitic serum. The method 

 by vaccination proved, in our experience, slightly more successful than the sub- 

 cutaneous pocket method, but it is probable that if a larger number of animals 

 were used there would be found to be no difference in the results obtained. In 

 every instance of successful inoculation, the slight wounds healed rapidly and 

 the site of inoculation appeared normal until the development of the yaws papules 

 at periods varying from sixteen to thirty-five or forty-five days after the inocula- 

 tion. The serum used in making the inoculations was obtained in the manner 

 already described for securing smears for staining. 



