in the Human and Anthropoid Foot. 
163 
as in the above 55 cases, since it is dependent chiefly on the 
projection of the plantar point and is not found in the Simiidae, 
is possibly correlated with a high and stable tarsal arch. 
Anterior Surface. Facies articularis anterior. 
Articulatio Guneo Navicidaris I. 
The facet for internal cuneiform. There are two chief types 
of surface ; in the majority (393), the dorsal and plantar borders 
are on the same level, or the dorsal border is only slightly more 
projecting than the plantar. In 187 specimens there is a shelving 
away of this surface towards the plantar aspect of the foot and in 
the direction of the tuberosity. In addition, the internal cunei- 
form facet has often (170) a very slight vertical or oblique ridge, 
or eminence, about its middle. In some cases the ridge or 
eminence is so strongly developed as to subdivide this surface 
into two almost equal parts. This ridge probably marks the 
junction of two components, dorsal and plantar, of the internal 
cuneiform which may, in some cases, remain separate. Phitzner 
found two surfaces on the navicular at this joint in ten specimens. 
In those cases, where the above eminence is especially well 
developed, and accompanied by the above-mentioned shelving 
away of the surface, the internal cuneiform facet is directed very 
obliquely, its surface looking somewhat downwards. This will 
have a tendency to throw the internal cuneiform and through it 
the big toe plantarwards. This is probably correlated with greater 
freedom of flexion of the hallux which would be expected in a 
non-boot wearing people. 
Articulatio Guneo Navicularis II. 
The facet for the middle cuneiform. This is also wedge-shaped 
in most cases, in one triangular; the apex points towards the 
plantar surface. 
Articulatio Guneo Navicidaris III. 
The facet for the external cuneiform. In most cases (239) this 
facet has the shape of a very blunt wedge with the narrow end of 
the wedge pointing towards the cuboidal facet ; in 59 cases it 
points towards the plantar surface. 
In 189 cases this facet is four-sided, in two pentagonal, with 
rounded angles, near the cuboidal facet, in both varieties. This 
surface is either flattened or concave. It was slightly concave 
and four-sided in 53 specimens. In a few, markedly concave. 
When the concavity is well marked and this facet is four-sided 
we have the anthropoid type of articular surface in this situation. 
It is especially well marked in the gorilla, but is present in all 
the Simiidae. 
