Mr Barber, Parasitic Trees in Southern India. 249 
strated that the sandal was largely if not entirely a root-parasite, 
and it was noted with surprise that the haustoria on the roots 
had never been described. 
2. A table is appended of the classification of the Santalaceae 
and Olacaceae as contained in Bentham and Hooker’s Genera 
Plantarum. The plants italicized have now been demonstrated 
to be root-parasites. Only a few of the genera which are not 
known to be parasites are inserted. 
Polypetalae. 
Disciflorae. 
Olacaceae. 
(1) Olaceae (2) Opilieae (3) Icacineae (4) Phytocreneae 
Olax Cansjera Gomphandra Phytocrene 
Ximenia Opilia Apodytes lodes 
Strombosia Natsiatum 
Erythropalum 
Monochlamydeae. 
Santalaceae. 
(1) Thesieae (2) Osyrideae 
Quinchamalium Gomandra 
Arjona 
Thesium 
Thesidium 
(3) Anthoboleae 
Exocarpus 
Champereia 
(4) Grubbieae 
Grubbia 
Santalum 
Buckleya 
Osyris 
Henslowia 
Phacellaria 
Myzodendron 
There is little doubt that the list of parasitic plants in these 
two orders might easily be extended by observing them in their 
natural haunts. 
The fact that plants with green leaves might be parasitic 
with their underground roots (as contrasted with epiphytic 
parasites such as the Loranthaceae) was first demonstrated by 
Mitten in 1847 in Thesium humifusum. This was immediately 
followed by Decaisne in various small Rhinanthaceae which he 
found it difficult to transplant from nature to his botanical 
garden. In 1858 Planchon noted the parasitism of Osyris alba 
and, in 1871, Scott in Calcutta, finding it difficult to move Santa- 
lum album without a very large ball of earth, hit upon the idea of 
its being attached to the roots of other plants. In 1897, lastly, 
Shirai discovered the parasitism of Buckleya Quadriala in Japan, 
and the haustoria have been described by Kusano. It is to be 
noted that these discoveries were largely independent of one 
another and, so to speak, by chance, indicating how little we can 
really learn of plant life by the ordinary work of the systematist — 
in herbaria. 
VOL. XIV. pt. in. 
17 
