Mr Barber, Parasitic Trees in Southern India. 251 
(1) A. L. de Jussieu in 1789 placed it among the Thymelea- 
ceae and was followed in this by Endlicher in 1840. 
(2) Bentham in 1841 introduced it to Opilieae and was 
supported by Decaisne in 1843, Griffiths in 1844 and Endlicher 
in 1847. 
(3) Miers in 1851 replaced it under Thymeleaceae and 
Meissner followed him in 1857. 
(4) In 1867 Bentham and Hooker placed it among the 
Opilieae, and were supported by Engler in 1889. 
(5) Baillon in 1892 placed the genus among the Lorantha- 
ceae while, as we shall see, van Tieghem in 1893, referring it to 
Opilieae again, removed that sub-order from the Olacaceae and 
placed it near Santalaceae among the Monochlamydeae. 
There can, obviously, be nothing very determining in the floral 
characters of Cansjera and of the Olacaceae generally, and several 
workers have been busy studying the anatomy of the various 
genera and species of the order from the systematic point of view. 
Valeton*, Edelhofff and van Tieghem have noted the structure of 
the stems and leaves in a considerable number of species. Their 
results suggest the separation of the four groups of the Olacaceae 
from one another. The occurrence of haustoria among both the 
Opilieae and Olaceae appears to show a connection between these 
two, but the structure of these organs shows that the Opilieae are 
much nearer the Santalaceae than to the Olaceae, a result in full 
agreement with van Tieghem’s conclusions. 
3. The haustoria of Santalum album have now been thoroughly 
studied and are described in the Memoirs of the Department of 
Agriculture in India J. The following summary is given here 
regarding the internal structure. These organs appear in nature 
as rounded or conical outgrowths of the roots, fixed with their 
broad bases on to the roots of the host, and vary in size from 
a pin’s head to a hazel nut. They are closely applied to and 
more or less envelope the roots attacked. In the earlier stages 
the haustoria are not infrequently free or attached to pebbles, 
bits of sticks or other unprofitable substances, but no great de- 
velopment takes place unless a foreign root is encountered. 
In such early stages a certain amount of differentiation is 
already discernible. In a section through the length of the 
haustorium, the mother root and the vascular strand coming from 
it (the transitional region) may be distinguished from the hausto- 
rium proper. The latter again is divided into nuclear and cortical 
* Valeton, Grit. Overz. d. Olacineen, Groningen, 1886. 
f Edelhoff, “ Vergl. Anat. d. Blatter der Olacineen,” Engler. Bot. Jahrb. 
Bd vm. 1887. 
X Barber, “ The Haustorium of Santalum album,” Mem. Dep. Agr. India, 
Nos. 1 and 2, where also see Literature. 
17—2 
