334 Dr Nuttall, Further Observations upon the 



Further Observations upon the Biological Test for Blood. By 

 George H. F. Nuttall, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., Christ's College; 

 University Lecturer in Bacteriology and Preventive Medicine. 



[Read 20 January 1902.] 



In various publications which have appeared since May 1901, 

 I have described the results of investigations upon the blood, 

 which indicate that we are able by means of this test to study 

 what I have termed the " blood-relationship " amongst animals. 

 I will refer those interested in the subject to my other papers 

 for particulars regarding the mode of preparation of the test- 

 sera 1 . 



By means of anti-human serum, I have been able to establish 

 the fact that all the Primates, excepting the Lemuridae, possess 

 some common quality in their blood which brings about a precipi- 

 tation upon the addition of anti-human serum. I have tested 

 42 samples of blood from apes and monkeys with uniform results, 

 and in addition I found that there were quantitative differences 

 in the reaction obtained, the Simiidae giving, as Dr Griinbaum 

 of Liverpool has also found, a reaction practically equivalent to 

 that obtained with human blood, whilst I have found in addition 

 that the Cercopithecidae bloods give less reaction, the least 

 reaction being however obtained with the bloods of the Hapalidae 

 and Cebidae. In other words the amount of reaction would appear 

 to correspond with the degree of relationship existing amongst the 

 Anthropoidea. 



Tests made with anti-dog serum have only yielded positive 

 results with bloods of other Canidae, eight different species of 

 which have been examined. 



Anti-horse serum only produced a reaction with the blood of 

 the horse and donkey. The anti-sera for ox and sheep blood have 

 given reactions which indicate that a bond of consanguinity exists 

 between various true ruminants (Ox, Sheep, Goat, Antelope, 

 Deer). It is interesting to note that the bloods of Tragulidae 

 and Camelidae have given no such indication of relationship with 

 the true ruminants. 



Since I published these results I have continued to collect 



1 Brit. Med. Journ. 1901 (11 May), vol. i. p. 1141: (1 Sept.), vol. n. p. 669. 

 Journ. of Hygiene, 1901 (1 July), vol. i. pp. 367 — 387. Proceedings of the Royal 

 Society, vol. lxix. pp. 150 — 153 (Paper read 21 Nov.). Journ. of Tropical Med. 

 1901 (16 Dec), pp. 405—408. American Naturalist, vol. xxxv. pp. 927—932. 



