BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 



Vol. 32, pp. 327-332 SEPTEMBER 1, 1921 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



EVOLUTIOiV, PIIYLOGENY, AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE 

 MASTODONTOIDEA ^ 



BY HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN 



{Presented before the Faleontological Society December SO, 1920) 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 327 



Species 328 



Pliyla 328 



Parallelism 329 



Siiperfamily, Mastodontoidea 329 



Family, Bunomastodontidse 330 



Family, Mastodontidfe : 331 



Summary '. 332 



Introduction 



J 11 previous pajDers reasons have been given for dividing the Froboscidea 

 into four main superfamilies, as follows: 



I. Mwritlierioidea , typified by Mceritherium, Oligocene, North Africa. 

 II. Dinotherioidea , typified by Dinotherium, Miocene and Pliocene, Eurasia. 



III. Mastodontoidea, typified by the bunomastodonts and the mastodonts, 



Africa, Eurasia, North and South America. 



IV. Elephantoidea, typified by the stegodonts, loxodouts, elephants, and mam- 



moths, Africa, Eurasia, North America. 



1 Manuscript received by the Secretary of the Society May 10, 1021. 

 This is the fourth paper of the series. The first paper, eutith^d "A loug-jawed mas- 

 todon slieleton from South Dal^ota and phylogeny of tlie Proboscidea," appeared iu tlie 

 Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 29, No. 1, March, 1918, pp. 1.33-137. The second paper, en- 

 titled "Evolution, phylogeny, and classification of the Proboscidea," appeared in Amer. 

 Mus. Novitates, No. 1, .January 31, 1921 (1921. 514). The third paper appeared in 

 Amer. Mus. Novitates, No. 10, .Time 15, 1921. under the title "First aiipearanee of the 

 true mastodon in America.'' 



(327) 



