102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE WASHINGTON MEETING 



stone. It has formed with its secondary member a nearly continuous narrow 

 strip of relatively poor Eden shale land, sharply contrasted with the excellent 

 Lexington limestone typical blue-grass land on either side of it. This linear 

 tract of beech-tree, sobby, "soapstone" land— from an eighth to a mile wide, 

 penetrating the heart of the Blue-grass — the farmers of tbe region, in ac- 

 cordance with a tradition handed down from the early settlers, have been 

 accustomed to account for on the theory that it is an "old buffalo trail." It 

 passes 1 mile east of Lexington, and at this point was chosen as a site for the 

 main city reservoir, the clay bottom it has furnished being excellent for hold- 

 ing water. 



A very similar poor-land strip stretches from near Great Crossings, in Scott 

 County, past Stamping Ground, in the same county, to near Peaks Mill in 

 Franklin, a distance of about 12 miles. 



The two bounding faults of this strip are the Kissinger (primary) and the 

 Switzer (secondary). The amount of the throws and the strata displaced are 

 the same as in the West Hickman, except that toward the western end Mays- 

 ville (Upper Cincinnatian) has been preserved by being brought down on a 

 level with the Eden. 



The most prominent of these faults is that of the Kentucky River. It 

 stretches from near Levee, in Montgomery, to near Burdetts Knob, in Garrard 

 County, a distance of 50 miles. The maximum throw in the middle of the 

 stretch is about 350 feet. It here displaces in the uplands Garrard sandstone 

 and Lower Maysville on Lexington limestone, and at the bottom of the gorge 

 of the Kentucky River Upper Lexington on Lower Highbridge (Camp Nelson). 

 The general trend is north 70° east. 



Another is the Glencairn fault, crossing the Lexington and Eastern Railroad 

 at Glencairn Station. It stretches from near Campton. in Wolfe County, to 

 near Irvine, in Estill County, a distance of about 25 miles. The maximum 

 throw is about 150 feet, Through most of its extent it displaces at the surface 

 Lower Pennsylvanian on Upper Mississippian. 



The Kentucky River fault is so called because from Boonesboro, in Madison 

 County, to Camp Nelson, in Jessamine County, a distance by the windings of 

 the river of 41 miles, the general course of the river and the fault coincides. 

 In this stretch the river in its meanderings crosses the fault nine times, flow- 

 ing in a narrow picturesque gorge of hard Highbridge limestone, whenever it 

 is on the northwest (relative upthrow) side of the fault, and in a wider valley, 

 presenting less pronounced scenic features, when it is on the southeast (down- 

 throw) side, where it is bedded in the softer limestones and shales of the 

 Lexington or Eden. 



While the general southwest diversion of the river in this course is in evi- 

 dent relation to the fault, the minor bends, or the meanders proper, bear no 

 relation to it. 



At the eastern ends the Kentucky River and Glencairn faults die out in 

 monoclines which involve at the surface Mississippian and Tennsylvanian, and 

 underneath strata at least as low as the Silurian, for it has resulted in the 

 accumulation at these two ends of tbe Ragland and Campton oil pools re- 

 spectively. 



The Ragland was discovered accidentally as the result of wild-cat drilling, 

 the Campton in response to advice given by the writer, based on what he 



