MEDITERRANEAN REGION 583 



The close relation of these faunas to those of the Bohemian series D 2 

 to D 4 is apparent, while at the same time its distinctness from that of 

 the Baltic region is seen. 



The Ordovicic heds of northwest Spain, in the provinces of Galicia and 

 Asturia, belong to the series of deposits formed on the northwestern flanks 

 of the Armorican land-mass, in continuation of those of Brittany. In 

 both regions the Cambric begins with the Eivadeo series, consisting of 

 about 3,000 meters of green, greenish, or bluish shales and quartzites, and 

 resting on the pre-Cambric, which in some sections are said to pass up- 

 ward into the Cambric beds. This is followed by the Vega series, begin- 

 ning with a bed of iron ore 1 to 2 meters thick, followed by a limestone 

 20 to 60 meters in thickness, and then by fossiliferous greenish shales 

 and quartzites from 50 to 100 meters thick. This latter series carries the 

 Paradoxicles fauna. Above this follows the Cabo Busto sandstone, which 

 generally begins with a pudding-stone, and reaches the great thickness of 

 1,500 meters in Galicia. It contains Scolithes and Cruziana (Bilobites) 

 and represents the basal Ordovicic, which thus rests disconformably on 

 Middle Cambric. The formation is mostly continental in origin, though 

 in Asturia some of the lower beds contain Lingulella heberii. The Cabo 

 Busto sandstone is also terminated by a thin bed of iron ore, above which 

 lie the Luarea shales, the essential equivalent of the Upper Angers 

 slates. These are 100 meters thick at Cap Vidrias and contain Calymene 

 (SynJioinalonolus) iristani, Asaphus glabralus, Dalmanites phillipsi, Bel- 

 leroplion bilobatus, Bedonia, Echinosphcerites murcliisoni, etcetera. This 

 corresponds approximately to the Sion shales of Brittany and in a genera! 

 way to the early Trenton of North America. 



MONTAG-NE NOIRE, SOUTHERN FRANCE 



We have already seen that representatives of the Tremadoc are found 

 here, lying on the Cambric, probably with a disconformity. "They pass 

 upward into the Boutoury shales with Tetragraptus, Didymograptus, and 

 Bouvillographis ricliarclsoni Barr., as well as trilobites. These represent 

 the early Deepkill beds of America, and they are succeeded by sandstones 

 with Vexillum, Cruziana, Lingula lesueuri Sou., and other species, and 

 occasionally Dinobolus brimonti Bou. This represents the Armorican 

 sandstone of northern France and Spain. It is extremely unlikely that 

 the Armorican sandstone extended entirely across France. The old Ar- 

 morican land-mass probably remained intact through Arenig time, and 

 the migration of the fauna into the Mediterranean region was around the 

 southern end of the peninsula. 



