614 A. W. GRABAU LOWER ORDOVICIC FORMATIONS 



mogr. geminus of the Upper Didyniograptus shales, and the zones of 

 Glossograptus hincksi, of Diplogr. linnarssoni, of Diplogr. putillus, and 

 of Nemagraptus gracilis, or the whole of the Middle Dicellograptus shales, 

 regarded by Moberg as the equivalent of the Chasmops beds of more north- 

 erly localities in Sweden. The zone with Trinucleus coscinorliinus is 

 placed by Moberg below that of Phyllograptus typus from the relations 

 believed to exist in West Scania. If this is the case, the break in the 

 series comes above these limestones, and it must be confessed that the 

 field indications seem to favor this, the contact between the shales and 

 the limestone appearing a more likely place for a disconformity than 

 between the two limestones. It must be remembered, however, that the 

 position of the Trinucleus coscinorliinus limestone below the Phyllo- 

 graptus shale in West Scania is by no means positively established, and 

 that Tullberg has found Ampyx rostratus in the T. coscinorliinus zone, 

 which he therefore regards as belonging to the horizon of the Chasmops 

 limestone. 



West Scania. — Turning now to West Scania, we find the best exposures 

 of the Lower Ordovicic strata in the Fogelsang and Eostango areas. The 

 lower beds are seen only in the Fogelsang region, some 7-8 kilometers 

 east of Lund. Here, too, the exposures are in a measure unsatisfactory, 

 the only natural outcrops being along the Sularpsback and the Fogel- 

 sangback. By digging, however, in the banks along the streams and 

 elsewhere, access was obtained to the underlying shales. Moreover, con- 

 tacts between the several zones are among the rarities, and thus an ele- 

 ment of doubt as to the absoluteness of the succession, made out by the 

 workers in this field, must always remain. 



The general development of the Ordovicic is almost exclusively in a 

 shaly phase and the Atlantic graptolite fauna furnishes the dominant 

 organic expression. 



The lower zone of the Dictyonema beds with D. flabellifortne is seen 

 only in the eastern end in the bed of the Sularps-backen south of the 

 hamlet of Mejeri. The beds here include some thin calcareous layers, 

 hut they are not seen in contact with the higher beds. The two succeed- 

 ing zones of the Dictyonema shale, that with Clonograptus tenellus and 

 that with Bryograptus Icjerulfi, are seen only on the Fogelsangback, espe- 

 cially near its junction with the Sularps-back. The outcrops are, how- 

 ever, discontinuous. 



In the banks of the Fogelsangback, near the village of that name, 

 digging reveals the upper beds of the Dictyonema zone, and here it is 

 found in contact with the Ceratopyge limestone, both the lower or Shu- 

 mardia zone and the Ceratopyge limestone proper being represented in 



