28 H. L. FAIRCHILD GLACIAL WATERS IN FIXGKK LAKKS KEGIOX 



Page 



Hntternut valley Gl 



General character .... 61 



Channels leading east from Butternut valley 08 



Channels leading east from Limestone valley ()4 



Hyper-Iroquois channels near Syracuse G5 



Tjand warping in western New York fjB 



Introduction 



In my former paper, " Glacial lakes of western New York,"''= the glacial 

 lake phenomena of western New York were treated in an introductory 

 way, of necessity incomplete and somewhat theoretical. In subsequent 

 papers t special features and restricted areas w^ere described. So much 

 of value and interest has since been learned concerning the lacustrine 

 histor}^ of the area that it seems desirable to publish the jiresent results 

 as a review of the subject to date. 



There still remain unstudied the extreme eastern and western limits 

 of the area — that is, the valleys west of Tonawanda creek and those east 

 of Butternut creek — and even within the studied area man}' points should 

 be determined with more precision. Perhaj^s the most interesting matter 

 relates to the history of the broader waters — the Newberry, Warren, and 

 lij'per- Iroquois lakes. 



Unfortunately the topographical sheets of but a small part of the area 

 have heen published. Ma2:)S and sketches in black and white and 

 without contours cannot satisfactorily indicate the lacustrine features, 

 namel}^ channels, deltas, terraces, and beaches. Their significance rests 

 largely in their relationship of altitude. Until the topographic sheets 

 of the region are available, the reader must supplement the accompan}'- 

 ing illustrations and an atlas of the state with large use of the scientific 

 imagination. 



The map has the same base as that with the former paper, but with 

 addition of new data. The numerals show the present altitudes referred 

 to ocean level. At cities and towns the elevation is that of top of rail at 

 principal railroad stations. It is, however, important to keep in mind 

 the fact that the present altitudes were not the altitudes of the same 

 points during the time of the glacial waters. At that period the area 

 under study was some hundreds of feet lower than it is today, and in the 

 uplifting to present level it has not only risen as a whole, but has been 



* Bull. Geol. Sou. Am., vol. 6, pp. 35:5-374, April, 1895. 



t Glacial Genesee Lakes. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol, 7, pp. 4-23-452 ; Lake Warren Sllor^■Iine^ 

 Western New York and the Geneva Beach. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 8, pp. 209-284. 



