52 H. L. FAIRCHILD (iLAf'IAL WATERS IN FINGKi: I.AKKS REfilOX 



structure and relations and important in its clear evidence concerning 

 the liistory of the hroader glacial waters. The col is one-third of a mile 

 west of the present lake shore, at the hamlet called Mandana, six miles 

 south of Skaneateles. It is a swamj)}' channel, ahout -M) rods in width, 

 with a gravelly floodplain one-third of a mile wide, and 10 to 15 feet 

 higher. Westward from the divide the i)lain declines and is cut and 

 channeled. The narrow and deeper channel is on the north side of the 

 col. The Skaneateles sheet of the topographic map makes the divide a 

 little over 900 feet elevation. 



One-half of a mile west toward Owasco village the channels terminate 

 in a hroad plain of detritus that was sjjread out h}^ these streams (and 

 hy Dutch Hollow brook from the south), in an arm of the Warren water, 

 which then filled the Owasco valley. This detrital plain is 20 to 30 

 feet lower than the Mandana col, or about 870 to 880 feet in elevation. 

 At the time of these events lake Newberry was not in^existence, but had 

 been extinguished in lake Warren. This would not prove that the pass 

 when first opened might not have been flooded by the Newberry waters, 

 but some examination of the stream ravines on the Skaneateles slopes 

 convinces the writer that the Newberry waters never invaded this valley. 

 The Warren waters did, however, invade the valley from the north for 

 a short time before their extinction. 



Otisco Valley 



Otisco lake, the most easterl}^ of the Finger lakes, is about five and 

 one-half miles long and three-fourths of a mile wide. It occupies onl}' 

 the central portion of a much longer valley of great depth. The eleva- 

 tion of the lake is 784 feet, while the ridge between Otisco and Skaneat- 

 eles, only two and one-half miles through if tunneled at the lake's level, 

 is over 1,900 feet high. The valle}^ extends north 7 or 8 miles beyond 

 the lake, past Marcellus village, and the head of the valley is equally far 

 south of the lake. A moraine occupies the head of the valle}' and an- 

 other moraine, with remarkabl}^ heav}' transverse ridges, fills the lower 

 part of the valley northward from the lake for over three miles, beyond 

 Avhich it has been buried under delta deposits or swept away b}' i)ower- 

 ful streams. 



The col at the head of the valley, with an elevation on the Tully topo- 

 graphic sheet of about 1,200 feet, is about two miles north of Preble 

 village. The outlet channel is on the west side of the valley. It is a 

 well defined scourway^, 20 to 40 rods wide, and with bordering gravel 

 plains, 20 to 40 feet higher, all the wa}' to the broader valle}' at Preble. 

 No examination of the valle}'' has been made with reference to the 



