58 ir. L. FAIKCHILI) — GLACIAL WATERS IX FINGER LAKES REGION 



the tlivitle is :il)out 1,200 leet. Tlie smaller northern lakes seem to oc- 

 cupy kettles in the moraine filling. The outlet channel may he regarded 

 as beginning below the lower lakes — Crooked lake and TuUy (Big) lake, 

 which have an elevation of 1,193 and 1,189 feet. These are shallow, 

 and probably lie in depressions due to ice blocks. The Tioughnioga 

 valley, which heads at this point, will be discussed, with its heavy de- 

 trital deposits, at some future time. 



In some features the Onondaga valley duplicates the Otisco valley. 

 The ingress of Warren and Dana waters was by the great Cedarvale 

 channel from the northwest, with a great north-curving delta ; the egress 

 of those waters was by a series of rock channels leading east from near 

 the north end of the valley, south of Syracuse. There had been a 

 similar overflow of the earlier middle-height waters to the west and a 

 reception of waters from the east-lying valley. Butternut creek. 



The waters which were held at the highest level in the Onondaga 

 valley were called in the former article the " Tully Valley" lake, after 

 a hamlet of that name five miles north of the divide. This name is 

 equivocal and it is here proposed to substitute the name of another and 

 larger village, lyiug two miles farther north, and call the high waters the 

 ''Cardiff" lake. 



The Cardiff lake continued until the ice-sheet had receded as far as 

 South Onondaga, when the waters found escape westward, to the Otisco 

 valley, by a pass at Joshua about 60 feet lower than the Tully channel, 

 or 1,140 feet. The swampy col is one-half mile southwest of Joshua 

 postofUce, and the narrow but good channel leads southwest to Amber, 

 at the foot of Otisco lake, where it de^josited a delta with conspicuous 

 terraces at 940 feet elevation (see figure I). With a little farther re- 

 moval of the ice-dam, anothej- similar but larger channel was opened 

 120 feet lower. The swamp col is one and one-half miles, northwest of 

 Navarino village. The channel, about 20 rods wide, leads south, close 

 to Navarino, on the west, and enters the Otisco valley just north of Amber, 

 its delta lying against the Joshua river delta and having the same eleva- 

 tion, 940 feet. This second glacial lake in the Onondaga valley, pouring 

 its waters west ultimately into Lake Warren, may be named after a vil- 

 lage in the valley, South Onondaga lake. 



Further recession of the ice-sheet allowed the Warren waters access to 

 the valley by the Marcellus-Cedarvale pass, probably holding them for 

 a time at the Warren level, 880 + feet, and subsequently, when eastern 

 escape was opened, receiving them by the Cedarvale river and discharg- 

 ing them eastward by the channels near Jamesville. Subsequently and 

 for a long time the waters of lake Dana followed the same course 

 through the valley. This third lake may be named " Onondaga Val- 



