CHANNELS NEAR JAMESVILLE 61 



city of Syracuse, and the mouth of the channel is something over one 

 mile north of Jamesville. It is traversed by the Delaware, Lackawanna 

 and Western raih'oad, and is well shown on the Syracuse sheet of tlie 

 New York Topographic map. It is two miles long, 800 to 1,000 feet 

 wide at bottom, and 125 to 150 feet deep (plate 8, figure 2). The nearly 

 vertical bare walls of limestone have given it the local name of " Rock 

 cut." The term " railroad " channel will be more distinctive, since it is 

 the only channel so utilized of the series here described. Unlike the 

 channels in shale, merel}^ the edges of the channel floor are covered by 

 a talus. The floor is very nearly level throughout the breadth and 

 length of the channel, with an elevation on the topographic sheet over 

 540 feet. It lies about 130 feet above the Onondaga and the Butternut 

 valleys. 



The following table will indicate the correlation that fuller study of 

 the phenomena and closer determination of altitudes will undoubtedly 

 confirm : 



Elevations of principal terrace levels on Elevations of outlet channels. 



Cedai-vale-South O)iondaga delta. ,- -j. , n 



Initial. Present. 



Upper level 860 Reservoir 900 (?) 8404- 



Middle level 770 Jamesville (?) 760± 



Lower level 680 to 500 Railroad 700 (?) 540— 



The lower part of the Onondaga valley, toward Syracuse, shows water 

 levels from the Railroad channel level down through lower hyper-Iroquois 

 levels to the later Iroquois 440 ± feet. 



Butternut Valley 



general character 



Like the Onondaga valley, the Butternut valley impounds at present 

 no lake of consequence. This is a narrow, deep, curving valley reach- 

 ing from four miles north of Jamesville south to Apulia, a distance of 

 about 16 miles, and traversed by the Syracuse brailch of the Delaware, 

 Lackawanna and Western railroad. The primitive outlet of the glacial 

 waters is at the head of the valley near Apulia station. Here is a ver^' 

 extensive gravel moraine or kame area at the junction of four valleys. 

 The swamp col is one mile south of Apulia station and the channel 

 leads southwest past Tully village and joins the outlet of the glacial 

 Onondaga at the head of the Tioughnioga creek. This channel is a well- 

 defined and capacious waterway below the col for some distance, but 

 nearing Tully the deeper aiid later channel is curving and narrowed. 

 The railroad lies in this primitive channel its whole length. The alti- 

 tude of the col is 1,240 ± feet. Some inconspicuous delta terraces are 



